CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 152Developmental Biology and Gene RegulationMarine Invertebrate Physiology and EcologyGenomics and Phylogenetic Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Ancient origins of axial patterning genes: Hox genes and ParaHox genes in the Cnidaria

Finnerty, John R., Martindale, Mark Q.·1999·Evolution & Development
DOI 10.1046/j.1525-142x.1999.99010.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Among the bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic animals (the Bilateria), a conserved set of developmental regulatory genes are known to function in patterning the anterior-posterior (AP) axis. This set includes the well-studied Hox cluster genes, and the recently described genes of the ParaHox cluster, which is believed to be the evolutionary sister of the Hox cluster (Brooke et al. 1998). The conserved role of these axial patterning genes in animals as diverse as frogs and flies is believed to reflect an underlying homology (i.e., all bilaterians derive from a common ancestor which possessed an AP axis and the developmental mechanisms responsible for patterning the axis). However, the origin and early evolution of Hox genes and ParaHox genes remain obscure. Repeated attempts have been made to reconstruct the early evolution of Hox genes by analyzing data from the triphoblastic animals, the Bilateria (Schubert et al. 1993; Zhang and Nei 1996). A more precise dating of Hox origins has been elusive due to a lack of sufficient information from outgroup taxa such as the phylum Cnidaria (corals, hydras, jellyfishes, and sea anemones). In combination with outgroup taxa, another potential source of information about Hox origins is outgroup genes (e.g., the genes of the ParaHox cluster). In this article, we present cDNA sequences of two Hox-like genes (anthox2 and anthox6) from the sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that anthox2 (= Cnox2) is homologous to the GSX class of ParaHox genes, and anthox6 is homologous to the anterior class of Hox genes. Therefore, the origin of Hox genes and ParaHox genes occurred prior to the evolutionary split between the Cnidaria and the Bilateria and predated the evolution of the anterior-posterior axis of bilaterian animals. Our analysis also suggests that the central Hox class was invented in the bilaterian lineage, subsequent to their split from the Cnidaria.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1046/j.1525-142x.1999.99010.x

Cites

31 of 31 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 31 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. 10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 101–149 of 149

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Finnerty, J. R., & Martindale, M. Q.
Affiliations
University of Chicago (US)
Corresponding author
Martindale, Mark Q.
ORCID
Venue
Evolution & Development
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1999-07
Volume
1
Issue
1
Pages
16-23
ISSN
  • 1520-541X (ISSN-L)
  • 1525-142X
DOI
10.1046/j.1525-142x.1999.99010.x
OpenAlex
W2099219158
Cited by
152
References
31
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4
FWCI
4.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 907 d)
Locations
  • Evolution & Development (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Keywords
Hox genes, ParaHox genes, axial patterning, anterior-posterior axis, Cnidaria, Nematostella vectensis, outgroup taxa, sea anemone
MeSH terms
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Cnidaria, DNA, Genes, Homeobox, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Body Patterning

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review