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Fault-tolerant permanent magnet machinedrives
Abstract
The paper examines the use of permanent magnet machine drives in high performance, safety-critical applications. Likely fault modes are identified and machine designs are developed for fault-tolerant operation, without severely compromising the drive performance. Fault tolerance is achieved by adopting a modular approach to the drive, with each phase electrically, magnetically, thermally and physically independent of all others. Power converter requirements are discussed and methods for controlling a faulted phase developed to minimise the impact of a machine or power converter fault.
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“This concept appeared in the mid-1990s [311] and since then intensive research has been carried out on such design aspects of PMFT machines, such as:”
From Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control of PMSM Drives–State of the Art and Future Challenges (2022) · cites this paper as [311]
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Stephens, C. M. (1991) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/28.108460 · Cited by 116
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Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Richter, Proceedings of the ICEM 1990
- Jack, Proceedings of the ICEM 1994, 1, 91
- Craig, 1993, EPE Conference'93, 4, 466
- Mecrow, 1995, IEE 7th international conference on, 433
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Items 101–200 of 376
General modeling of the windings for multi-phase ac machines
Scuiller, F., Semail, E., & Charpentier, J. (2010) · The European Physical Journal Applied Physics · doi:10.1051/epjap/2010058 · Cited by 37
Magnetic-Coupling Characteristics Investigation of a Dual-Rotor Fault-Tolerant PMSM
Chen, H., Liu, X., Zhao, J., & Demerdash, N. A. O. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion · doi:10.1109/tec.2017.2747519 · Cited by 36
Sui, Y., Yin, Z., Wang, M., Yu, B., & Zheng, P. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2018.2874579 · Cited by 36
“This indicates the three-phase windings can be considered as magnetically isolated between each other, which is a key requirement for the fault-tolerant PM machines [24], [25].”
Winding inductances of fractional slot surface-mounted permanent magnet brushless machines
EL-Refaie, A. M., Zhu, Z. Q., Jahns, T. M., & Howe, D. (2009) · COMPEL The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering · doi:10.1108/03321640910999888 · Cited by 36
Eccentricity in Synchronous Reluctance Motors—Part II: Different Rotor Geometry and Stator Windings
Mahmoud, H., & Bianchi, N. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion · doi:10.1109/tec.2014.2384534 · Cited by 35
“FSCW allows the fault tolerance [8]–[10]”
Fault– Tolerant PM Motors in Automotive Applications
Bianchi, N., & Bolognani, S. (2005) · IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) · doi:10.1109/vppc.2005.1554642 · Cited by 35
“An additional cost is also due to the increase of the stator iron of approximately 15% [11].”
BackgroundFault-Tolerant Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Brushless AC Machines
Owen, R. L., Zhu, Z. Q., Thomas, A. S., Jewell, G. W., & Howe, D. (2008) · IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS) · doi:10.1109/08ias.2008.56 · Cited by 35
Yepes, A. G., Fonseca, D. S. B., Antunes, H. R. P., López, Ó., Cardoso, A. J. M., & Doval‐Gandoy, J. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2022.3206141 · Cited by 34
“[17], [18] faults) or drive topology (for interturn failures [19], [20], [21]) for the meantime.”
BackgroundWang, B., Wang, J., Griffo, A., & Huang, L. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2019.2908595 · Cited by 33
“Therefore, the resultant short-circuit current decreases with the increase in the number of faulted turns [2], [23].”
Arashloo, R. S., Romeral, L., Salehifar, M., & Moreno‐Eguilaz, M. (2014) · IET Electric Power Applications · doi:10.1049/iet-epa.2013.0247 · Cited by 33
Chai, J., Wang, J., Atallah, K., & Howe, D. (2007) · IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS) · doi:10.1109/07ias.2007.91 · Cited by 33
“Multi-phase fault-tolerant PM machines, in which the number of phases is usually greater than 3, have been extensively reported and experimentally demonstrated [1]-[6].”
BackgroundReluctance motor control for fault-tolerant capability
Qin, D., Luo, X., & Lipo, T. A. (2002) · IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC) · doi:10.1109/iemdc.1997.604282 · Cited by 32
Multi-phase permanent magnet motor drives for fault-tolerant applications
Villani, M., Tursini, M., Fabri, G., & Castellini, L. (2011) · IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC) · doi:10.1109/iemdc.2011.5994802 · Cited by 31
“Multi-phase drives are also a very interesting topology because they show good prospective by the reliability point of view: a proper design that follows an integration of the redundancies needed for MTBF constraints joined with multi-phase drives architecture can lead to a very high performance machine with effective…”
BackgroundKhoobroo, A., & Fahimi, B. (2010) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition · doi:10.1109/apec.2010.5433547 · Cited by 31
Transient peak currents in permanent magnet synchronous motors for symmetrical short circuits
Meyer, M., & Böcker, J. (2006) · International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM) · doi:10.1109/speedam.2006.1649806 · Cited by 30
“An analysis of PMSM behavior with respect to various faults was conducted in [1], [3].”
MethodDwari, S., & Parsa, L. (2008) · Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON) · doi:10.1109/iecon.2008.4758458 · Cited by 30
Fault‐tolerant control for a dual‐winding fault‐tolerant permanent magnet motor drive based on SVPWM
Bai, H., Zhu, J., Qin, J., & Sun, J. (2016) · IET Power Electronics · doi:10.1049/iet-pel.2015.1033 · Cited by 29
Rangari, S. C., Suryawanshi, H. M., & Renge, M. M. (2018) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics7090159 · Cited by 29
Performance improvement of permanent magnet ac motors
Parsa, L. (2005) · OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries) · Cited by 29
Methodology for selecting electric traction motors and its application to vehicle propulsion systems
Bolvashenkov, I., Kammermann, J., & Herzog, H. (2016) · International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM) · doi:10.1109/speedam.2016.7525853 · Cited by 28
EL-Refaie, A. M., Shah, M. R., Alexander, J. P., Galioto, S. J., Huh, K., & Gerstler, W. D. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/tia.2011.2162049 · Cited by 28
“shown that using FSCW along with a higher number of phases helps make an SPM machine more fault tolerant [4].”
Real-Time Optimal Control of a 3-Phase PMSM in 2-Phase Degraded Mode
Béthoux, O., Labouré, É., Rémy, G., & Berthelot, É. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2016.2583662 · Cited by 29
“Unlike fault-tolerant PMSM drive, mostly based on electrically and magnetically isolated windings [25]-[26], the studied machine windings are magnetically well coupled to permit an optimized 3-phase or single phase battery charging mode [10].”
BackgroundLiterature survey of eddy-current loss analysis in rotating electrical machines
Jassal, A., Polinder, H., & Ferreira, J. A. (2012) · IET Electric Power Applications · doi:10.1049/iet-epa.2011.0335 · Cited by 27
A prototype electrical actuator for aircraft flaps and slats
Bennett, J. W., Mecrow, B. C., Jack, A. G., Atkinson, D. J., Sheldon, S., Cooper, B., Mason, G., Sewell, C., & Cudley, D. (2005) · IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC) · doi:10.1109/iemdc.2005.195699 · Cited by 27
“The strategy adopted for fault tolerant drives has been to split the drive into a series of smaller modules, each of which is independent of all others [6-10].”
BackgroundSelf-citationFault-tolerant control architecture for an electrical actuator
Bennett, J. W., Jack, A. G., Mecrow, B. C., Atkinson, D. J., Sewell, C., & Mason, G. (2004) · IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC) · doi:10.1109/pesc.2004.1354773 · Cited by 27
Self-citationNew fault-tolerant flux-mnemonic doubly-salient permanent-magnet motor drive
Yu, C., & Chau, K. T. (2011) · IET Electric Power Applications · doi:10.1049/iet-epa.2009.0300 · Cited by 26
Fault-tolerant PM machines: A review
EL-Refaie, A. M. (2009) · IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC) · doi:10.1109/iemdc.2009.5075432 · Cited by 26
“Based on the fault-tolerance requirements identified in [1], the design of a fault tolerant permanent magnet drive based on a 16 kW, 13000 rev/min, 6-phase aircraft fuel pump specification was presented [6].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEffect of axial segmentation of permanent magnets on rotor loss of modular brushless machines
Ede, J. D., Atallah, K., Jewell, G. W., Wang, J., & Howe, D. (2004) · IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS) · doi:10.1109/ias.2004.1348700 · Cited by 26
“…may be assembled from pre-wound tooth/coil or stator segment subassemblies, which is conducive to low cost, high-volume manufacturing, whilst since the phase windings are essentially isolated, their fault tolerance is higher, which is a major consideration for safety-critical applications [1][2].”
BackgroundMohammadpour, A., Sadeghi, S., & Parsa, L. (2012) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition · doi:10.1109/apec.2012.6166044 · Cited by 26
Investigation of a fault tolerant and high performance motor drive for critical applications
Ertuğrul, N., Soong, W. L., Valtenbergs, S., & Chye, H. (2002) · IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON) · doi:10.1109/tencon.2001.949653 · Cited by 26
Zhang, Y., & Jahns, T. M. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/tia.2016.2613066 · Cited by 25
Li, S., & Xu, L. (2002) · IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS) · doi:10.1109/ias.2001.955479 · Cited by 25
Reliability vs. Performances of Electrical Machines: Partial Discharges Issue
Madonna, V., Giangrande, P., Zhao, W., Buticchi, G., Zhang, H., Gerada, C., & Galea, M. (2019) · IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis · doi:10.1109/wemdcd.2019.8887809 · Cited by 24
“turn-to-turn, phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground breakdowns) can result in an immediate breakdown of the EM, therefore putting it out of service [3-7].”
BackgroundEnhanced current control of high-speed PM machine drives through the use of flux controllers
Haylock, J. A., Mecrow, B. C., Jack, A. G., & Atkinson, D. J. (1999) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/28.793363 · Cited by 24
“The resulting independence between phases is used to provide a degree of inherent fault tolerance in this drive [ 1 ], [2].”
MethodSelf-citationZhu, J., Ertuğrul, N., & Soong, W. L. (2007) · IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA) · doi:10.1109/iciea.2007.4318377 · Cited by 24
“In order to produce a fault-tolerant brushless PM motor, it is important to minimize or eliminate the electrical, magnetic and thermal coupling between the motor windings [2].”
BackgroundUsman, A., Doiphode, N. T., & Rajpurohit, B. S. (2019) · International Conference on Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (EDPE) · doi:10.1109/edpe.2019.8883929 · Cited by 23
“During the continuous operation of the motor, it can be subjected to various unavoidable conditions such as high operating stress, rise in operating temperature generating excess heat and continuous varying load leading to the wear and tear in the bearing of the shaft [2] [3].”
BackgroundInfluence of d- and q-axis currents on demagnetization in PM synchronous machines
McFarland, J. D., & Jahns, T. M. (2013) · IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) · doi:10.1109/ecce.2013.6647286 · Cited by 22
“In safety-criti degraded performance is unacceptable so th and their drives must be specially designed risk of demagnetization [4].”
BackgroundWang, B., Wang, J., Griffo, A., & Hua, W. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2019.2900441 · Cited by 22
“type [8], [11], winding connection scheme [13], [14], and fault location within a slot and phase coils [5], [15].”
BackgroundMethodFault tolerant multiphase electrical drives: the impact of design
Semail, E., Kestelyn, X., & Locment, F. (2008) · The European Physical Journal Applied Physics · doi:10.1051/epjap:2008057 · Cited by 22
Permanent Magnet Machines for Traction Applications
Zhu, Z. Q. (2014) · Encyclopedia of Automotive Engineering · doi:10.1002/9781118354179.auto045 · Cited by 22
Control of permanent-magnet synchronous machines in automotive applications
Wallmark, O. (2006) · Chalmers Publication Library (Chalmers University of Technology) · Cited by 22
Dwari, S., & Parsa, L. (2007) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition · doi:10.1109/apex.2007.357702 · Cited by 21
“Figure 5.Upperplot: phase currents forphase-shorted fault; lower plot: phase currents forphase- andphase- 2 shorted.”
BackgroundInfluentialMcFarland, J. D., & Jahns, T. M. (2012) · IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) · doi:10.1109/ecce.2012.6342277 · Cited by 21
“2294997 and PM machines must be specially designed to minimize the risk of demagnetization [4], [5].”
BackgroundTong, C., Wu, F., Zheng, P., Yu, B., Sui, Y., & Cheng, L. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Magnetics · doi:10.1109/tmag.2014.2319593 · Cited by 21
“, electric isolation, magnetic isolation, thermal isolation, and physical isolation, raised by [1], are widely accepted by researchers in this field.”
BackgroundFaulted behaviour of permanent magnet electric vehicle traction drives
Mellor, P., Allen, T., Ong, R., & Rahma, Z. (2003) · IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC) · doi:10.1109/iemdc.2003.1211317 · Cited by 21
Shah, M. R., & EL-Refaie, A. M. (2007) · IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS) · doi:10.1109/07ias.2007.88 · Cited by 21
“It has also been shown that using FSPCW along with a higher number of phases helps in making an SPM machine more fault-tolerant [10].”
MethodReddy, P. B., EL-Refaie, A. M., Huh, K., Tangudu, J. K., & Jahns, T. M. (2011) · IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) · doi:10.1109/ecce.2011.6064067 · Cited by 20
A fault tolerant machine drive based on permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machine
Wang, B., Wang, J., Griffo, A., Sun, Z., & Chong, E. (2016) · IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) · doi:10.1109/ecce.2016.7854677 · Cited by 20
Design of a Bi-Harmonic 7-Phase PM Machine With Tooth-Concentrated Winding
Scuiller, F., Becker, F., Zahr, H., & Semail, E. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion · doi:10.1109/tec.2020.2982041 · Cited by 20
“Therefore, multi-phase tooth-concentrated windings are often considered as the right option when fault tolerant abilities are wanted [7].”
BackgroundDirect current ripple compensation for multi-phase fault-tolerant machines
Hafez, A., Todd, R., Forsyth, A. J., & Cross, A. M. (2011) · IET Electric Power Applications · doi:10.1049/iet-epa.2009.0217 · Cited by 20
“The fault-tolerance of the system is maintained in the power electronic interface between the variable amplitude/frequency phase voltages and the common DC bus by the use of separate PWM converters [3, 4] and independent controllers [5].”
BackgroundLiu, G., Gong, W., Chen, Q., Jian, L., Shen, Y., & Zhao, W. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.3672853 · Cited by 20
Rotor loss estimation in permanent magnet machines with concentrated windings
Bottauscio, O., Pellegrino, G., Guglielmi, P., Chiampi, M., & Vagati, A. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Magnetics · doi:10.1109/tmag.2005.854969 · Cited by 20
Reliability assessment of fault tolerant permanent magnet AC drives
Murr, G. E., Griffo, A., Wang, J., Zhu, Z. Q., & Mecrow, B. C. (2015) · Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON) · doi:10.1109/iecon.2015.7392522 · Cited by 20
Self-citationLee, S. T. (2017) · IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) · doi:10.1109/ecce.2017.8096800 · Cited by 20
“Thus, PMSM must be designed to minimize the risk of irreversible demagnetization [1]- [3].”
BackgroundPost-Fault Operation Strategy for Single Switch Open-Circuit Faults in Electric Drives
Eickhoff, H. T., Seebacher, R. R., Muetze, A., & Strangas, E. G. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/tia.2018.2807404 · Cited by 20
Relationship Between Rotor Losses and Size of Permanent-Magnet Machines
Bianchi, N., Durello, D., & Fasolo, A. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/tia.2013.2258874 · Cited by 20
“This type of machine exhibits many advantages such as short end windings, high slot fill factor, high efficiency, and high power density together with good flux-weakening and fault-tolerance capabilities [1], [2].”
BackgroundSensorless control of five-phase brushless DC motors
Olivieri, C., Fabri, G., & Tursini, M. (2010) · IEEE International Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives (SLED) · doi:10.1109/sled.2010.5542805 · Cited by 20
“) ( r xM ! To outline the dependence on the rotor magnet position, the back-EMF can be expressed in terms of normalized back-EMF shape factors ) ( r x f as follows: ) ( ! ) ( r r e r x x f K E " (2) where is the rotor speed and r ! e K the back-EMF constant.”
BackgroundObserver-based sensorless control of a five-phase brushless DC motor
Fabri, G., Olivieri, C., & Tursini, M. (2010) · International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) · doi:10.1109/icelmach.2010.5607818 · Cited by 19
Remedial Operating Strategies for a 12-Pulse LCI Drive System
Alcaso, A. N., & Cardoso, A. J. M. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2007.896303 · Cited by 19
EL-Refaie, A. M., Galioto, S. J., Shah, M. R., Huh, K., Alexander, J. P., & Gerstler, W. D. (2010) · IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) · doi:10.1109/ecce.2010.5617807 · Cited by 19
“It has also been shown that using FSCW along with a higher number of phases helps make an SPM machine more faulttolerant [4].”
MethodTorque ripple minimisation in modular permanent magnet brushless machines
Atallah, K., Wang, J., & Howe, D. (2003) · IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC) · doi:10.1109/iemdc.2003.1211290 · Cited by 19
Shah, M. R., & EL-Refaie, A. M. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion · doi:10.1109/tec.2010.2060724 · Cited by 18
“It has also been shown that using FSCW along with a higher number of phases helps make an SPM machine more fault-tolerant [4].”
MethodFault-tolerant PM brushless DC drive for aerospace application
Villani, M., Tursini, M., Fabri, G., & Castellini, L. (2010) · International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) · doi:10.1109/icelmach.2010.5608295 · Cited by 18
Fault tolerant, variable frequency, unity power factor converters for safety critical PM drives
Green, S. R., Atkinson, D. J., Mecrow, B. C., Jack, A. G., & Green, B. (2003) · IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications · doi:10.1049/ip-epa:20030911 · Cited by 18
Self-citationDesign variants of modular permanent magnet brushless machine
Ede, J. D., Atallah, K., & Howe, D. (2002) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1452669 · Cited by 18
Approach for comparative analysis of electric traction machines
Kammermann, J., Bolvashenkov, I., & Herzog, H. (2015) · IEEE International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles & International Transportation Electrification Conference (ESARS-ITEC) · doi:10.1109/esars.2015.7101459 · Cited by 17
DC-bus power quality for aircraft power systems during generator fault conditions
Todd, R., & Forsyth, A. J. (2011) · IET Electrical Systems in Transportation · doi:10.1049/iet-est.2010.0056 · Cited by 17
“3 v Voltage regulation bandwidth 2 Introduction The increasing use and criticality of electrical systems on-board aircraft is driving the development of new fault-tolerant generator technologies [1-4] and new power distribution systems such as higher-voltage DC networks [5-9].”
BackgroundDemir, Y., & Aydin, M. (2016) · International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) · doi:10.1109/icelmach.2016.7732737 · Cited by 17
High Performance and Strong Fault Tolerant Triple 3-phase PMA-SynRM with Star-delta Windings
Wang, B., Luo, L., Hua, W., Cheng, M., & Niu, S. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion · doi:10.1109/tec.2022.3157471 · Cited by 17
Design and test results for dual-lane fault-tolerant PM motor for safety critical aircraft actuator
Sangha, P., & Sawata, T. (2015) · IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) · doi:10.1109/ecce.2015.7310232 · Cited by 17
“In the former configuration, motor windings are excited from a number of single phase H-bridges and if one of the isolated windings or inverter develops a fault then the current can be increased in the healthy phases to maintain torque output at the rated value [2-4].”
BackgroundFault tolerant drives for aerospace applications
Atkinson, G. J., Bennett, J., Mecrow, B. C., Atkinson, D. J., Jack, A. G., & Pickert, V. (2010) · Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity) · doi:10.25405/ncl.34115721 · Cited by 17
Self-citationDesign and control of fault-tolerant permanent magnet machines
Mohammadpour, A., Gandhi, A., & Parsa, L. (2013) · IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis · doi:10.1109/wemdcd.2013.6525171 · Cited by 16
Prieto, B., Martinez-Iturralde, M., Fontán, L., & Elósegui, I. (2015) · IET Electric Power Applications · doi:10.1049/iet-epa.2014.0067 · Cited by 16
Thermal analysis of fault‐tolerant electrical machines for more electric aircraft applications
Madonna, V., Giangrande, P., Gerada, C., & Galea, M. (2018) · The Journal of Engineering · doi:10.1049/joe.2018.0040 · Cited by 16
“In PMSMs, a suitable fault-tolerance level is achieved when the following constraints are met [6]:”
BackgroundInfluentialWolmarans, J. J., Polinder, H., Ferreira, J. A., & Clarenbach, D. (2009) · European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications · Cited by 16
Enhanced control of a PMSM supplied by a four-leg voltage source inverter using the homopolar torque
Meinguet, F., Semail, E., & Gyselinck, J. J. C. (2008) · International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) · doi:10.1109/icelmach.2008.4799868 · Cited by 15
“To avoid a full-redundant topology, fault-tolerant drives have been investigated for several years [1]-[2].”
Magnetic loading of fractional-slot three phase PM motors with non-overlapped coils
Bianchi, N., Bolognani, S., & Pré, M. D. (2006) · IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS) · doi:10.1109/ias.2006.256517 · Cited by 15
“In addition, the transformation from the double- to the single-layer winding helps in increasing the magnetizing inductance, as also shown in [7].”
BackgroundBaudart, F., Dehez, B., Labrique, F., Matagne, E., Telteu-Nedelcu, D., & Alexandre, P. (2010) · International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) · doi:10.1109/icelmach.2010.5608149 · Cited by 14
“[6] gives a ratio mutual on self inductance of 3.5% for a 4-phase machine and [ 11 ] a ratio of 4.4% for a 5-phase one.”
BackgroundInfluentialPost-fault control technique for multi-phase PM motor drives under short-circuit faults
Mohammadpour, A., & Parsa, L. (2013) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition · doi:10.1109/apec.2013.6520304 · Cited by 14
A five-phase 20-slot/18-pole PMSM for electric vehicles
Sui, Y., Zheng, P., Tang, P., Wu, F., & Wang, P. (2016) · COMPEL The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering · doi:10.1108/compel-02-2015-0106 · Cited by 14
Modularity in wind türbine generator systems — Opportunities and challenges
Shipurkar, U., Polinder, H., & Ferreira, J. A. (2016) · European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications · doi:10.1109/epe.2016.7695592 · Cited by 14
“Design for Fault Tolerance - With the aim of designing a generators system that can continue operation with faults, a number of requirements need to be considered in the design [20, 48, 49].”
BackgroundA review on turn-turn short circuit fault management
Arumugam, P., Gerada, C., Hamiti, T., Hill, C. I., & Bozhko, S. V. (2015) · IEEE International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles & International Transportation Electrification Conference (ESARS-ITEC) · doi:10.1109/esars.2015.7101528 · Cited by 14
Fault Analysis and Remedial Strategies on a Fault-Tolerant Motor Drive with Redundancy
Zhu, J., Ertuğrul, N., & Soong, W. L. (2007) · IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC) · doi:10.1109/iemdc.2007.383587 · Cited by 14
Finding functional redundancies in offshore wind turbine design
Echavarría, E., van Bussel, G. J. W., & Tomiyama, T. (2011) · Wind Energy · doi:10.1002/we.490 · Cited by 14
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“A typical fault tolerant PM machine topology includes a number of design features [1-3] to enhance its fault tolerant capability, as shown by the cross-sectional view in Fig.”
BackgroundA Novel Fault Tolerant Machine With Integral Slot Non-Overlapping Concentrated Winding
Chai, F., Geng, L., & Pei, Y. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2931083 · Cited by 14
“[5] A small slot opening width is usually selected to obtain a large inductance, thus reducing the short circuit current [6].”
BackgroundEffect of Number of Phases on Losses in Conducting Sleeves of High Speed Surface PM Machine Rotors
EL-Refaie, A. M., Shah, M. R., Qu, R., & Kern, J. M. (2007) · IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS) · doi:10.1109/07ias.2007.236 · Cited by 14
“It has also been shown that using FSPCW along with a higher number of phases could make an SPM machine more fault-tolerant [4].”
MethodJia, Y., & Rajashekara, K. (2015) · IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS) · doi:10.1109/ias.2015.7356941 · Cited by 14
Sun, Z., Ede, J. D., Wang, J., Jewell, G. W., Cullen, J., & Mitcham, A. J. (2007) · AIAA International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC) · doi:10.2514/6.2007-4829 · Cited by 14
Optimal current waveforms for five-phase permanent magnet motor drives under open-circuit fault
Dwari, S., & Parsa, L. (2008) · IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting · doi:10.1109/pes.2008.4596941 · Cited by 13
Feasibility Study of Multi-Phase Machine Winding Reconfiguration for Fully Electric Vehicles
Daniels, B., Gurung, J., Huisman, H., & Lomonova, E. A. (2019) · International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER) · doi:10.1109/ever.2019.8813594 · Cited by 13
Khoobroo, A., & Fahimi, B. (2009) · IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC) · doi:10.1109/iemdc.2009.5075279 · Cited by 13
Design of a 250kW, Fault-Tolerant PM Generator for the More-Electric Aircraft
Ede, J. D., Jewell, G. W., Atallah, K., Powell, D. J., Cullen, J., & Mitcham, A. J. (2005) · AIAA International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC) · doi:10.2514/6.2005-5644 · Cited by 13
Zhu, J., & Niu, X. (2010) · IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA) · doi:10.1109/iciea.2010.5515682 · Cited by 12
“Brushless permanent magnet (PM) motor drives can have the capability of fault tolerance by minimizing the electrical, magnetic and thermal interaction between phases and adopting H-bridge inverter circuits for each phase ([1]).”
Investigation of a five-phase 20-slot/18-pole PMSM for electric vehicles
Zheng, P., Sui, Y., Fu, Z., Tang, P., Wu, F., & Wang, P. (2014) · International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) · doi:10.1109/icems.2014.7013664 · Cited by 12
Heo, H.-J., Im, W.-S., Kim, J.-M., Kim, Y.-G., & Oh, J.-S. (2012) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition · doi:10.1109/apec.2012.6166032 · Cited by 12
“In this aspect, many studies about fault tolerant drive system have been continued to improve the reliability of system about the different types of motors [1-6].”
BackgroundAdaptive actuator failure compensation for redundant manipulators
Keçeci, E. F., Tang, X., & Tao, G. (2008) · Robotica · doi:10.1017/s0263574708004487 · Cited by 12
Miao, D.-M., Mollet, Y., Gyselinck, J. J. C., & Shen, J. (2016) · IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) · doi:10.1109/vppc.2016.7791644 · Cited by 11
“They can be designed to have high phase reactance in order to lower short-circuit current level at the generator terminals allowing faulted operational capability [9, 11, 14].”
BackgroundA Review of Methods to Increase the Availability of Wind Turbine Generator Systems
Shipurkar, U., Polinder, H., & Ferreira, J. A. (2016) · CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications · doi:10.24295/cpsstpea.2016.00007 · Cited by 11
“to its failures, it has to satisfy certain requirements [140],”
BackgroundYiguang, C., Lv, X., & Yong-huan, S. (2015) · International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) · doi:10.1109/icems.2015.7385264 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Mecrow, B. C., Jack, A. G., Haylock, J. A., & Coles, J.
- Affiliations
- Newcastle University (GB)
- LucasVarity, Strategic Planning, Advanced Vehicle Systems Development
- Venue
- IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications
- Published
- 1996-11-11
- Volume
- 143
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 437-442
- ISSN
- 1350-2352 (ISSN-L)
- 1359-7043
- OpenAlex
- W2132033583
- Cited by
- 376
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 2.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Motor Design and Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Sensorless Control of Electric Motors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Power Systems and Control
- Keywords
- fault-tolerant drives, permanent magnet machines, electric machine drives, fault modes, modular machine design, power converters, safety-critical applications
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