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Cited by 18Solar and Space Plasma DynamicsIonosphere and magnetosphere dynamicsStellar, planetary, and galactic studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Properties of stream interaction regions at Earth and Mars during the declining phase of SC 24

Open access
Geyer, Paul, Temmer, Manuela, Guo, Jingnan, Heinemann, Stephan G.·2021·Astronomy & Astrophysics
DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202040162
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Abstract

Aims.We inspect the evolution of stream interaction regions (SIRs) from Earth to Mars, covering the distance range 1–1.5 AU, over the declining phase of solar cycle 24 (2014–2018). So far, studies only analyzed SIRs measured at Earth and Mars at different times. We compare existing catalogs for both heliospheric distances and arrive at a clean dataset for the identical time range. This allows a well-sampled statistical analysis and for the opposition phases of the planets an in-depth analysis of SIRs as they evolve with distance. Methods.We use in situ solar wind data from OMNI and the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN spacecraft as well as remote sensing data from Solar Dynamics Observatory. A superposed epoch analysis is performed for bulk speed, proton density, temperature, magnetic field magnitude and total perpendicular pressure. Additionally, a study of events during the two opposition phases of Earth and Mars in the years 2016 and 2018 is conducted. SIR related coronal holes with their area as well as their latitudinal and longitudinal extent are extracted and correlated to the maximum bulk speed and duration of the corresponding high speed solar wind streams following the stream interaction regions. Results.We find that while the entire solar wind high speed stream shows no expansion as it evolves from Earth to Mars, the crest of the high speed stream profile broadens by about 17%, and the magnetic field and total pressure by about 45% around the stream interface. The difference between the maximum and minimum values in the normalized superposed profiles increases slightly or stagnates from 1–1.5 AU for all parameters, except for the temperature. A sharp drop at zero epoch time is observed in the superposed profiles for the magnetic field strength at both heliospheric distances. The two opposition phases reveal similar correlations of in situ data with coronal hole parameters for both planets. Maximum solar wind speed has a stronger dependence on the latitudinal extent of the respective coronal hole than on its longitudinal extent. We arrive at an occurrence rate of fast forward shocks three times higher at Mars than at Earth.

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Crossref · 10.1051/0004-6361/202040162

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  • Geyer et al. (2021) found that multiple coronal holes and several CIRs reappeared for at least 5 solar rotations between the end of May and the end of September 2016.

    “They found that multiple coronal holes and several CIRs reappeared for at least 5 solar rotations between the end of May and the end of September.”

    From Radiation environment for future human exploration on the surface of Mars: the current understanding based on MSL/RAD dose measurements (2021) · cites this paper as Geyer et al. (2021)

    Section 3.2 reports recurrent CIRs during the 2016 observation period, and Figure 8 follows one CIR and its source coronal hole across five solar rotations. But it says eight recurrent events across the 2016 and 2018 samples lasted one to five rotations; it does not establish that several CIRs and multiple coronal holes each reappeared for at least five rotations between late May and late September 2016. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The occurrence of shocks is more frequent at 1.5 au while shock strength becomes weaker at Mars.

    “the occurrence of shocks has been evaluated to be more frequent at 1.5 au while the shock strength becomes weaker at Mars (Huang et al. 2019;Geyer et al. 2021)”

    From Radiation environment for future human exploration on the surface of Mars: the current understanding based on MSL/RAD dose measurements (2021) · cites this paper as Geyer et al. 2021

    Section 3.2 and Table 2 report more frequent shocks at Mars (1.5 AU) than at Earth (1 AU), including a roughly threefold increase in fast forward shocks. The passages do not report that shocks themselves become weaker at Mars; the lower magnetic-field peak in Section 3.1 describes a stream profile, not measured shock strength. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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  1. Crooker, 2004, J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys., 109, A03107

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Metadata

Authors
Geyer, P., Temmer, M., Guo, J., & Heinemann, S. G.
Affiliations
  • University of Graz (AT)
  • University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
ORCID
Venue
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Publisher
EDP Sciences
Published
2021-05
Volume
649
Pages
A80
ISSN
  • 0004-6361 (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-0746
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/202040162
OpenAlex
W3126796413
Semantic Scholar
4ad1a0a833302500ae989973de4f873950a3e3eb
Cited by
18
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2
FWCI
2.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.edpsciences.org/en/authors/copyright-and-licensing (vor, 12 d)
Locations
  • Astronomy and Astrophysics (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (42074222,, XDB 41000000)
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB 41000000, No. XDB41000000, D020104)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Keywords
stream interaction regions, high-speed solar wind streams, solar cycle 24, coronal holes, Mars, Earth, heliosphere, magnetic field, proton density, solar wind temperature, superposed epoch analysis

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