Comparative Study on Antioxidant Activities, Total Phenolic Compound and Pigment Contents of Tropical Spirulina platensis, Gracilaria arcuata and Ulva lactuca Extracted in Different Solvents Polarity
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These study aimed to determine antioxidant activity, total phenolic compound and pigment content of tropical S. platensis, G. arcuata and U. lactuca. S. platensis was extracted with aquadest (SPA), while G. arcuata and U. lactuca were extracted with n-hexane (GAH and ULH), ethyl-acetate (GAE and ULE) and methanol (GAM and ULM). The IC50 value was used to calculate the ability of extract to inhibit free radicals using DPPH (515 nm). The TPC was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu (725 nm). Phycocyanin (620 nm), phycoerythrin (652 nm), allophycocyanin (562 nm), carotenoid (470 nm) and chlorophyll (645 nm and 662 nm) were measured based on color intensity. The results indicated that SPA was able to inhibit free radicals (46.12±2.03%), contains TPC (26.64±0.16 mg/GAE samples) and dominated by phycocyanin pigments (0.301±0.09 mg/g). G. arcuata extracted with ethyl-acetate (GAE) showed the best value with IC50 136.267±0.28 ppm, TPC 303.507±1.155 mg/GAE samples, carotenoid 0.528 ±0.009 μmol/g and chlorophyll a 2.845 ±0.069 mg/g. The U. lactuca extracted with ethyl-acetate also showed the best value with IC50 462.560±2.44 ppm, TPC 210.129±1.387 mg/GAE samples, carotenoid 0.442 ±0.046 μmol/g and chlorophyll a 9.216 ±0.103 mg/g. This results conlcuded that macroalgae extracted with ethyl acetate had better activity which categorized as moderate antioxidant.
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The alcoholic extract of spirulina algae contains chlorophyll 0.301 mg/g, β-carotene 0.372 mg/g, and protein pigments phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycoerythrin 0.247 mg/g, and the majority of antioxidant activity comes from these pigments.
“It was confirmed that the alcoholic extract of spirulina algae contains many important pigments. These pigments include chlorophyll and β-carotene, as well as the protein pigments phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycoerythrin, with their quantities being, respectively, 0.301 mg/g, 0.372 mg/g, and 0.247 mg/g. This is due to the fact that the majority of the antioxidant activity comes from these”
From Trends and Technological Advancements in the Possible Food Applications of Spirulina and Their Health Benefits: A Review. (2022) · cites this paper as [95]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHidayati et al. found spirulina algae have total phenolic compounds of 26.64 mg gallic acid per gram of extract, and due to redox characteristics they play a significant role in antioxidant activity and scavenging free radicals.
“According to Hidayati et al. [95], spirulina algae have a total of phenolic compounds that equate to 26.64 mg of gallic acid per gram of extract. Due to the redox characteristics that they possess, they play a significant role in antioxidant activity and are very efficient in scavenging harmful free radicals.”
From Trends and Technological Advancements in the Possible Food Applications of Spirulina and Their Health Benefits: A Review. (2022) · cites this paper as [95]
The Table 1 discussion reports 26.64 ± 0.16 mg gallic acid equivalents for the Spirulina extract and links polyphenols’ redox properties to antioxidant activity and free-radical scavenging. However, Table 1 gives the denominator as a gram of sample, not a gram of extract. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Hidayati, J. R., Yudiati, E., Pringgenies, D., Oktaviyanti, D. T., & Kusuma, A. P.
- Affiliations
- Diponegoro University (ID)
- Venue
- E3S Web of Conferences
- Publisher
- EDP Sciences
- Published
- 2020
- Volume
- 147
- Pages
- 03012
- ISSN
- 2267-1242 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3006205273
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 8.98
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- E3S Web of Conferences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Keywords
- Spirulina platensis, Ulva lactuca, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, carotenoids, chlorophyll, solvent polarity, ethyl acetate extraction, DPPH radical scavenging, macroalgae extracts
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