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Effects of drought and heat on forest insect populations in relation to the 2003 drought in Western Europe

Open access
Rouault, Gaëlle, Candau, Jean-Noël, Lieutier, François, Nageleisen, Louis-Michel, Martin, Jean-Claude, Warzée, Nathalie·2006·Annals of Forest Science

Abstract

Although drought affects directly tree physiology and growth, the impact of secondary factors (insect pests, pathogens and fire) is often greater than the impact of the original stress and can lead to important tree mortality.In 2003, Western and Central Europe experienced a drought and heat waves that led to extensive forest damage.This paper reports on the impacts of drought and high temperatures on forest insect populations in the context of this exceptional event.Observations of changes in population levels of the main European forest insect pests during and after the drought are presented and discussed in the light of current knowledge and theories of interactions between drought and insects.We investigated the direct effects of drought on life history traits and indirect effects through physiological changes experienced by host trees.Forest pest insects were separated in 4 feeding guilds: woodborers, leaf-chewers, leaf-miners and leaf-suckers.The impact of water stress varied according to feeding guilds.Woodborers were positively influenced by prolonged water stress and the decline of host resistance.In contrast, defoliators profited better from the increased nitrogen in plant tissues linked to moderate or intermittent water stress.Field observations showed the importance of the soil water status in tree resistance against pest attacks.Thus, the 2003 drought confirmed observations from earlier droughts that, is case of bad choice of tree species in some plantations, site matching becomes a prominent and primary cause of the development of pest outbreaks.This exceptional drought may give us some indication of the impacts of extreme climatic events.However, observations of the performance at the individual level were not sufficient for predicting long-term insect population dynamics, which depends on complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors.climate change / drought / heat wave / forest pest insect / population dynamic Résumé -Effet de la sécheresse et de la canicule de 2003 sur les populations d'insectes ravageurs forestiers en Europe centrale et occidentale.Bien que la sécheresse affecte directement la physiologie et la croissance des arbres, l'impact de facteurs secondaires (insectes ravageurs, pathogènes et feu) est souvent plus important que le stress original et peut conduire à la mortalité des arbres.En 2003, une sécheresse et des vagues de chaleur ont provoqué des dégâts importants dans les forêts d'Europe centrale et occidentale.Cet article rend compte de l'impact de la sécheresse et de la canicule sur les populations d'insectes forestiers dans le contexte de cet évènement exceptionnel.Les observations des fluctuations de populations des principaux insectes ravageurs des forêts européennes sont présentées et discutées en regard des connaissances actuelles et des théories des interactions entre sécheresse et insectes.Nous avons recherché les effets directs et indirects de la sécheresse, respectivement sur les traits d'histoire de vie et au travers des modifications physiologiques induites chez les arbres hôtes.Les insectes forestiers ont été séparés en 4 groupes : xylophages, phyllophages, mineuses et suceurs de sève.L'impact du stress hydrique a été différent selon la guilde considérée.Les xylophages ont été positivement influencés par le déclin de la résistance de l'hôte suite à un stress hydrique prolongé.Au contraire, les phyllophages ont mieux profité de l'augmentation de l'azote dans les tissus de la plante sous un stress hydrique modéré ou intermittent.Des observations de terrains ont montré l'importance du statut hydrique du sol sur le niveau de résistance des arbres contre les attaques de ravageurs.En certains sites, la sécheresse de 2003 a d'ailleurs mis en évidence des choix d'essences inappropriés.Cette sécheresse exceptionnelle peut nous donner des indications sur les impacts des événements climatiques extrêmes.Cependant les observations des performances au niveau individuel ne permettent pas de prédire à long terme les dynamiques des populations, lesquelles dépendent d'interactions complexes au niveau local entre facteurs biotiques et abiotiques.changement climatique / sécheresse / canicule / insecte ravageur forestier / dynamique des populations

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Metadata

Authors
Rouault, G., Candau, J.-N., Lieutier, F., Nageleisen, L.-M., Martin, J.-C., & Warzée, N.
Venue
Annals of Forest Science
Publisher
EDP Sciences
Published
2006-09
Volume
63
Issue
6
Pages
613-624
ISSN
  • 1286-4560 (ISSN-L)
  • 1297-966X
OpenAlex
W1963989874
Cited by
410
References
2
FWCI
9.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Effects of drought and heat on forest insect populations in relation to the 2003 drought in Western Europe. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1051/forest:2006044
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Rouault, G., Candau, J.-N., Lieutier, F., Nageleisen, L.-M., Martin, J.-C., & Warzée, N. (2006). Effects of drought and heat on forest insect populations in relation to the 2003 drought in Western Europe. Annals of Forest Science. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest%3A2006044

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