Estimating GFR Using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) Creatinine Equation: More Accurate GFR Estimates, Lower CKD Prevalence Estimates, and Better Risk Predictions

Abstract

Serum creatinine is ordered more than 281 million times annually in the United States (based on the 191,354,358 creatinine tests reported in 1996 and assuming annual growth rate in testing of 3%),1 and recent reports show that more than 70% of laboratories now report estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation.2 Recently, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) developed and validated a new equation, the CKD-EPI creatinine equation, which uses the same variables as the MDRD Study, but is more accurate.3,4 Accuracy of GFR estimating equations is evaluated in comparison to measured GFR. However, as for other diagnostic tests, other criteria are also important in clinical practice and public health, including detecting disease, predicting prognosis, and guiding therapy. In this issue of the American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 2 articles compare the CKD-EPI equation with the MDRD Study equation for estimating the prevalence of CKD and predicting the risk of subsequent events in the general population.5,6 In this editorial, we comment briefly on these articles and review the accuracy and applications of current GFR estimating equations (Table 1). Table 1 Comparison of 3 GFR Estimating Equations for Creatinine