US Renal Data System 2021 Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States
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Studies have shown that racial disparity persists at all levels of social economic status.
“Similar to our finding, studies have shown that racial disparity persists at all levels of social economic status.26,27”
From Disparities in SGLT2 Inhibitor or Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Initiation Among Medicare-Insured Adults With CKD in the United States (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
The report’s introductory section describes racial and ethnic disparities in kidney-disease care and outcomes and says a chapter examines social determinants of health. Neither that passage nor the Notes About Race and Ethnicity establishes that disparities persist at all socioeconomic levels; searches for socioeconomic status, income, and education found no such comparison in our copy. Page numbers are unavailable. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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Research works printed but not linked: 7
- [1]Weinhandl E.D. Wetmore J.B. Peng Y. Liu J. Gilbertson D.T. Johansen K.L. Initial effects of COVID-19 on patients with ESKD J Am Soc Nephrol 32 6 2021 1444 1453 33833076 PMC8259631
- [2]Wetmore J.B. Johansen K.L. Liu J. Peng Y. Gilbertson D.T. Weinhandl E.D. Changes in treatment of patients with incident ESKD during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic J Am Soc Nephrol 32 11 2021 2948 2957 34535558 PMC8806095
- [3]Weinhandl E.D. Gilbertson D.T. Wetmore J.B. Johansen K.L. COVID-19-associated decline in the size of the end-stage kidney disease population in the United States Kidney Int Rep 6 10 2021 2698 2701 34337192 PMC8302479
- [5]Saran R. Robinson B. Abbott K.C. US Renal Data System 2017 Annual Data Report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States Am J Kidney Dis 71 3 suppl 1 2018 Svii,S1-S676 PMC6593155 29477157
- [6]Naʻai D. Raphael K.L. CKD in Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders: trouble in paradise Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 14 11 2019 1661 1663 31501091 PMC6832052
- [7]Xiang J. Morgenstern H. Li Y. Incidence of ESKD among Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders living in the 50 US States and Pacific Island Territories Am J Kidney Dis 76 3 2020 340 349 32387021
- [8]Johansen KL, Wetmore JB, Peng Y, Liu J, Weinhandl ED, Gilbertson DT. Variation in incidence of ESKD among individuals of Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander race based on data from the US Renal Data System. Am J Kidney Dis. Published online December 3, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.09.027.2021 34871699 · DOI
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11. Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Ekhlaspour, L., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s011 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
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11. Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes*, Bajaj, M., McCoy, R. G., Balapattabi, K., Bannuru, R. R., Bellini, N. J., Bennett, A. K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., ChallaSivaKanaka, S., et al. (2026) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc26-s011 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Yang, Q., Bee, Y. M., Lim, C. C., Sabanayagam, C., Yim-Lui Cheung, C., Wong, T. Y., Ting, D. S. W., Lim, L.-L., Li, H., He, M., et al. (2025) · eClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103089 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Zhao, J. Z., Weinhandl, E. D., Carlson, A. M., & St. Peter, W. L. (2023) · Kidney Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xkme.2022.100564 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“The US Renal Data System annual data reported that Black patients had the highest prevalence of end-stage kidney disease in racial and ethnic groups from 2000 to 2019.(29) Our research team showed that Medicare-enrolled Black patients with CKD had a higher risk of developing hypoglycemia than White patients.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
- Authors
- Johansen, K. L., Chertow, G. M., Gilbertson, D. T., Herzog, C. A., Ishani, A., Israni, A. K., Ku, E., Li, S., Li, S., Liu, J., Obrador, G. T., O’Hare, A. M., Peng, Y., Powe, N. R., Roetker, N. S., St. Peter, W. L., Saeed, F., Snyder, J., Solid, C., Weinhandl, E. D., Winkelmayer, W. C., & Wetmore, J. B.
- Corresponding author
- Johansen, Kirsten L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Kidney Diseases
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-04
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- A8-A12
- ISSN
- 0272-6386 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8935019
- OpenAlex
- W4220802540
- Cited by
- 294
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Kidney Diseases (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5u01dk102150-05)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01-DK102150)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (75N94019C00006)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Acute Kidney Injury Research
- Keywords
- kidney disease epidemiology, chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, dialysis, kidney transplantation, COVID-19 outcomes, United States
- MeSH terms
- Data Systems, Humans, Kidney, Kidney Diseases, Kidney Failure, Chronic, United States
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