The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A New Population of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Induces CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T Cells
Open accessAbstract
Background & aims Several studies have shown that development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generates a number of immune suppressive mechanisms in these patients. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of cells that have been shown to inhibit T-cell responses in tumor-bearing mice, but little is known about these cells in humans owing to a lack of specific markers. In this study, we have investigated the frequency and function of a new population of MDSC denoted here as CD14(+)HLA-DR(-/low) in HCC patients. We have also identified a novel, MDSC-mediated immune regulatory pathway in these patients.Methods We have directly isolated and characterized MDSCs for phenotype and function from peripheral blood (n = 111) and tumor (n = 12) of patients with HCC.Results The frequency of CD14(+)HLA-DR(-/low) cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HCC patients was significantly increased in comparison with healthy controls. CD14(+) HLA-DR(-/low) cells were unable to stimulate an allogeneic T-cell response, suppressed autologous T-cell proliferation, and had high arginase activity, a hallmark characteristic of MDSC. Most important, CD14(+)HLA-DR(-/low) cells from HCC patients induced a CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cell population when cocultured with autologous T cells.Conclusion CD14(+)HLA-DR(-/low) cells are a new population of MDSC increased in blood and tumor of HCC patients. We propose a new mechanism by which MDSC exert their immunosuppressive function, through the induction of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in cocultured CD4(+) T cells. Understanding the mechanism of action of MDSC in HCC patients is important in the design of effective immunotherapeutic protocols.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The liver also contains an abundance of MDSCs that produce factors suppressing T cell activation63.”
From Adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (2024) · cites this paper as [63]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Curiel, T. J., Coukos, G., Zou, L., Alvarez, X., Cheng, P., Mottram, P., Evdemon-Hogan, M., Conejo-Garcia, J. R., Zhang, L., Burow, M., et al. (2004) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1093 · Cited by 5,151
Regulatory T cells, tumour immunity and immunotherapy
Zou, W. (2006) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1806 · Cited by 2,135
Jonuleit, H., Schmitt, E., Schuler, G., Knop, J., & Enk, A. (2000) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.192.9.1213 · Cited by 1,538
Swann, J. B., & Smyth, M. J. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci31405 · Cited by 1,518
Huang, B., Pan, P.-Y., Li, Q., Sato, A. I., Levy, D. E., Bromberg, J., Divino, C. M., & Chen, S.-H. (2006) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1299 · Cited by 1,435
Almand, B., Clark, J. I., Nikitina, E., van Beynen, J., English, N. R., Knight, S. C., Carbone, D. P., & Gabrilovich, D. I. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.166.1.678 · Cited by 1,340
Rodriguez, P. C., Quiceno, D. G., Zabaleta, J., Ortiz, B., Zea, A. H., Piazuelo, M. B., Delgado, A., Correa, P., Brayer, J., Sotomayor, E. M., et al. (2004) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-0465 · Cited by 1,276
Altered recognition of antigen is a mechanism of CD8+ T cell tolerance in cancer
Nagaraj, S., Gupta, K., Писарев, В. М., Kinarsky, L., Sherman, S., Kang, L., Herber, D. L., Schneck, J. P., & Gabrilovich, D. I. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1609 · Cited by 1,176
Gao, Q., Qiu, S., Fan, J., Zhou, J., Wang, X., Xiao, Y., Xu, Y., Li, Y., & Tang, Z. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2006.09.4565 · Cited by 1,134
Schmielau, J., & Finn, O. J. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 867
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–790 of 790
Yan, X., Dong, X., Yao, L., Guo, M., & Wang, N. (2026) · Pathology - Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.prp.2026.156425 · Cited by 1
Ruan, Z., & Sun, X. (2026) · Hepatoma Research · doi:10.20517/2394-5079.2025.58 · Cited by 1
Yuza, K., & Pawlik, T. M. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15121097 · Cited by 1
Sabatini, A., Assenza, M. R., Bilotta, M. T., Vacca, P., & Tumino, N. (2026) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers18132150 · Cited by 1
Immunosuppresssion and Immune Escape in Liver Cancer
Wang, Q., & Cao, X. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28702-2_9 · Cited by 1
Regulatory T Cells and Th17 Cells in Cancer Microenvironment
Kim, C. H. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44006-3_6 · Cited by 1
Analysis of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Patients with Cancer
Zhu, P., Segal, Y. V., Shurin, G. V., & Shurin, M. R. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6217-6_31 · Cited by 1
Progress of Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Ma, H. (2013) · ImmunoGastroenterology · doi:10.7178/ig.48 · Cited by 1
Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells in Autoimmune Diabetes: Their Antidiabetic Potential and Mechanism
Yang, W. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.4172/2155-6156.s12-004 · Cited by 2
Secondary Alterations of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Zimmermann, A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26956-6_5 · Cited by 1
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Cancer
Badn, W., & Bronte, V. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9914-6_12 · Cited by 1
Liver Cancer - Genesis, Progression and Metastasis
Feitelson, M. A., & Arzumanyan, A. L. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.100845 · Cited by 1
Functional Flow Cytometry to Predict PD‐L1 Conformational Changes
Salvia, R., Rico, L. G., Ward, M. D., Bradford, J. A., & Pétriz, J. (2023) · Current Protocols · doi:10.1002/cpz1.944 · Cited by 1
Arginina y cáncer: implicaciones en la regulación de la respuesta antitumoral
Correa, J. M. I., Gutiérrez, C. M. V., & Lopera, M. M. V. (2013) · IATREIA · doi:10.17533/udea.iatreia.14293 · Cited by 1
Basic Principles of Immunology in Urology
Flechner, S. M., Finke, J. H., & Fairchild, R. L. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-6911-9.00017-7 · Cited by 1
MIF-Dependent Regulation of Monocyte/Macrophage Polarization
Yaddanapudi, K., & Mitchell, R. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-52354-5_4 · Cited by 1
Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Mizukoshi, E., & Kaneko, S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64958-0_3 · Cited by 1
Regulatory T Cells in Colorectal Cancer
Jafariniaorcid, M., Lotfiorcid, N., Ganjalikhani-hakmiorcid, M., & Rezaei, A. (2018) · Immunoregulation · doi:10.32598/immunoregulation.1.1.5 · Cited by 1
Immunotherapy in Immunosuppressed Patients
Oberoi, H. K., & Valpione, S. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-64009-5_22 · Cited by 1
Targeted delivery and reprogramming of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in cancer
Katoh, H. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85781-9.00015-4 · Cited by 1
Development of Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Mizukoshi, E., & Kaneko, S. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-4-431-55327-4_10
Constraints on the CD8 T cell response in chronic HBV infection
Das, A. (2009) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)
Anti-tumor and pro-tumor interactions of human NK cells in cancer
Wong, J. L. (2013) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Reversing Breast Cancer-Induced Immune Suppression
Beury, D. W., & Ostrand‐Rosenberg, S. (2013) · doi:10.21236/ada573503
Is Immune Modulation a Possibility?
Greten, T. F., & Korangy, F. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119962205.ch27
Self-citationBiomarkers in sepsis and other severe infections
Janols, H. (2014) · Lund University Publications (Lund University)
Tumor surveillance and immune evasion: the interplay between the immune system and tumor cells
van Altena, S. E. C. (2011) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
Lee, H. (2010) · Chonnam Medical Journal · doi:10.4068/cmj.2010.46.1.1
Myeloid-Derived Suppressive Cells and Their Regulatory Mechanisms in Cancer
Ma, G., Pan, P., & Chen, S. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9914-6_13
Tumor and Iatrogenic Regulation of Myeloid Precursors and their Potential to Limit Immune Therapy
Talmadge, J. E., Cowan, K. H., & Reed, E. C. (2008) · Immunotherapy · doi:10.2217/1750743x.1.1.5
Crosstalk of human mesenchymal stromal cells with the cellular components of the immune system
Jitschin, R. (2013) · Figshare
Poschke, I. C. (2011) · Figshare
Review on role of Myeloid-derived Suppressor cells in regulation of immune system
Mesali, H., Shadman, M., Tehrani, M., & Ajami, A. (2013) · Majallah-i dānishgāh-i ̒ulūm-i pizishkī-i Māzandarān/Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
The Dual Role of Myeloid- Derived Suppressor Cells in Liver Pathologies
Monteleone, G., Fusco, D. D., Cupi, M. L., Figliuzzi, M. M., & Pallone, F. (2014)
Inflammation, Tumor Progression, and Immune Suppression
Ostrand‐Rosenberg, S., & Sinha, P. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6217-6_7
Post-Surgical Natural Killer T Cell Activation as a Potential Therapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer
Clattenburg, D. R. (2015)
T Cell Fate in the Tumor Microenvironment
Crespo, J., Kryczek, I., Welling, T. H., Wei, S., & Zou, W. (2015) · Cancer drug discovery and develogment/Cancer drug discovery and development · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21167-1_3
Tumor Exosomes and Their Impact on Immunity and Cancer Progression
Huber, V., Filipazzi, P., & Rivoltini, L. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394296-8.00030-0
Controversies in Neoplastic Myeloplasia
Talmadge, J. E. (2016) · SpringerBriefs in immunology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26821-7_1
Role of the Immune System in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Existing and Novel Therapies
Flecken, T., & Thimme, R. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-34214-6_13
Secondary Alterations of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Zimmermann, A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26587-2_5-1
PD1 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Gastrointestinal Cancer
Pectasides, E., & McDermott, D. F. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43063-8_6
Identification of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in Tumor Bearing Dogs
Sherger, M. (2012) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Modulating Immune Responses to Overcome Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
D’Avola, D., & Sangro, B. (2017) · Resistance to targeted anti-cancer therapeutics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56197-4_2
Immune Suppressor Mechanisms in HCC
Greten, T. F., & Korangy, F. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64958-0_8
Self-citationNatural Killer Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Anti-Tumor Effect and Therapeutic Potential
Cariani, E., & Missale, G. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64958-0_2
Evolving Immunotherapy Approaches for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Takahashi, K., & Marusawa, H. (2017) · Current human cell research and applications · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-6469-2_6
Vila, A. (2018) · DalSpace (Dalhousie University)
Villaume, M. T., Ferrell, P. B., & Savona, M. R. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51878-3_4 · Cited by 1
Ko, J. S. (2009) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Hepatobiliary Cancers and Immunology
Kodama, T., & Takehara, T. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51709-0_31
Mechanisms for immune escape in epithelial ovarian cancer
Israelsson, P. (2021) · DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University)
Immunoregulation by HCV-generated Myeloid Suppressor Cells
Yergin, C. G. (2016) · doi:10.18130/v39z95
Translational research in chronic liver diseases
Segovia, J., & Simó, M. R. (2020) · DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))
Biological therapies in patients with liver disease: are they really lifesavers?
Vitale, G., Gitto, S., Campani, C., Turco, L., Baldan, A., Marra, F., & Morelli, M. C. (2021) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1080/14712598.2022.2013799
Xu, X., Cho, W. C. S., & Xia, J. (2015) · Translational bioinformatics · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9753-5_9
Zilio, S. (2012) · Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)
Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Yang, Z., Cheng, D., Zhang, H., Li, W., Liu, C., Fu, J., Yan, F., Li, C., et al. (2022) · doi:10.22541/au.164407908.87135419/v1
Immunotherapy for hepatocellular cancer: a review of current status
Yu, J. B., Zaytsev, V., Farooq, A., Jalil, A., Wert, J., Ahmed, Z., & Ahmad, S. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99283-1.00022-7
Emerging Immunotherapy: Liver Cancer Microenvironment for Treatment
Liu, S. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.106021
Викторовна, Т. Т., Васильевич, Б. Е., Aristova, T. A., Ushakova, G. Y., Анатольевна, С. С., Denisova, V. V., Ostanin, A. A., & Chernykh, E. R. (2022) · Siberian Journal of Oncology · doi:10.21294/1814-4861-2022-21-6-47-58
Poschke, I. C., Mougiakakos, D., Hansson, J., Masucci, G. V., & Kiessling, R. W. (2023) · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.c.6500241.v1
Xu, Y., Sun, F., Xiao, C., Liu, R., & Yang, P. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4614934
Huang, R., Ding, J., & Xie, W. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95262-0.00017-6
Ogasawara, M., Miyashita, M., Yamagishi, Y., & Ota, S. (2025) · eJHaem · doi:10.1002/jha2.70048
Chikamatsu, K. (2012) · 耳鼻咽喉科免疫アレルギー · doi:10.5648/jjiao.30.271
Zhang, Q., Yu, T., Tan, H., & Shi, H. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25824754
Lin, J., Yan, J., Deng, X. L., Wang, C. S., & Wang, H. S. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26560754
Mechanical microenvironment and its role in hepatocellular carcinoma oncogenesis and progression
Guo, X., Xie, Y., Qian, R., Li, J., Shi, J., Huang, Q., & Shao, D. (2025) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.105099
Awad, M. S., Васильевна, С. А., Markov, A. V., Salomatina, O. V., Аркадьевна, З. М., & Markov, O. V. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27020564
Villar, M. J., Poveda, C., Zhan, B., Gonsoulin, M., & Jones, K. M. (2026) · Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · doi:10.1590/0074-02760250123
Aspects fonctionnels et pronostiques des cellules myéloïdes suppressives et de Foxp3 dans le cancer
Ladoire, S. (2011) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/f95be627zd09cz4fd2za49fz6b11ffb7363d
Increased regulatory B cells are involved in immune evasion in patients with gastric cancer
Murakami, Y., 2359, ムラカミ, ユ., 100001165, & Murakami, Y. (2020) · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)
D’Aveni, M. (2015) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/8f6b210az750az449bzabdbz0ce2f840d643
Hobeika, C. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/4c247323z584fz42b6za12cze7812b01da9e
Hepatocellular Carcinoma – from Immunobiology to Immunotherapy
Roehlen, N., Bengsch, B., Rennert, C., Schultheiß, M., & Thimme, R. (2026) · TumorDiagnostik & Therapie · doi:10.1055/a-2851-6473
Hepatocellular carcinoma tumor immune microenvironment: heterogeneity and therapeutic strategies
Mao, T., Jiang, J., Liu, P., Zhao, Y., Zhong, L., Zhang, Z., Wu, K., & Xia, L. (2026) · Hepatoma Research · doi:10.20517/2394-5079.2026.04
Lorestani, P., Robat-Jazi, B., Nejati, N., Jazi, K., Faghihkhorasani, F., Khalili, A., Karimizadeh, Z., Kalantari, A., Mirsharifi, E., Hojjat, S. H., et al. (2026) · Discover Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12672-026-05539-3
Łabędź, N., & Jacenik, D. (2026) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2026.189670
Orhan, A., Orhan, T., Raskov, H., & Gögenür, I. (2026) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1916208
Ostafe, M. R., Volovăț, S. R., Clement, A., Litcanu, C.-I., Tabarcea, S., Volovăț, C. C., Panaite, D. I., Augustin, I. G., & Volovăț, C. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27177543
Xiong, J., Mou, G., 泽塔多吉, Li, X., & Zhao, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1959235
Insights in the Immune Molecular Mechanisms of the Trilogy of Liver Cancer
Li, Y., Bin, F., Chunlei, G., & Hui, L. (2026) · Immune discovery. · doi:10.70322/immune.2026.10008
Iino, C., Abe, T., Endo, K., Fujiwara, Y., Yoshida, K., Sato, S., Numao, H., Igarashi, G., Oikawa, T., Ninomiya, M., et al. (2026) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers18203366
Metadata
- Authors
- Hoechst, B., Ormandy, L. A., Ballmaier, M., Lehner, F., Krüger, C., Manns, M. P., Greten, T. F., & Korangy, F.
- Affiliations
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Korangy, Firouzeh
- Venue
- Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 135
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 234-243
- ISSN
- 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2059688175
- Cited by
- 793
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 59
- FWCI
- 15.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2011-08-01)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB-738)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Keywords
- myeloid-derived suppressor cells, hepatocellular carcinoma, regulatory T cells, immunosuppression, arginase activity, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells, tumor immune microenvironment, T cell proliferation inhibition, cancer immunotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Arginase, Cell Communication, Cell Division, Cells, Cultured, Female, Flow Cytometry, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, HLA-DR Antigens, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Liver Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Biomarkers, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, CD4 Antigens, Immunophenotyping, Interleukin-10, Lipopolysaccharide Receptors, Myeloid Cells, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review