Roles for Intestinal Bacteria, Viruses, and Fungi in Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Therapeutic Approaches
Open accessAbstract
Intestinal microbiota are involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and pouchitis. We review the mechanisms by which these gut bacteria, fungi, and viruses mediate mucosal homeostasis via their composite genes (metagenome) and metabolic products (metabolome). We explain how alterations to their profiles and functions under conditions of dysbiosis contribute to inflammation and effector immune responses that mediate inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in humans and enterocolitis in mice. It could be possible to engineer the intestinal environment by modifying the microbiota community structure or function to treat patients with IBD-either with individual agents, via dietary management, or as adjuncts to immunosuppressive drugs. We summarize the latest information on therapeutic use of fecal microbial transplantation and propose improved strategies to selectively normalize the dysbiotic microbiome in personalized approaches to treatment.
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Probiotics may provide an option to mitigate some microbiome-related effects in IBD and help restore normal immune function by acting on intestinal gut barrier integrity.
“Probiotics may provide an option to mitigate some microbiome-related effects in IBD and to help restore a normal immune function by acting on the intestinal gut barrier integrity for example (Sartor and Wu, 2017).”
From Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics (2021) · cites this paper as Sartor and Wu, 2017
Presence of some pathogenic microbes, such as invasive Escherichia coli, activates T helper 1 and T helper 17 cells thereby inducing mucosal damage.
“The presence of some pathogenic microbes (e.g., invasive Escherichia coli) activate T helper 1 and T helper 17 cells thereby inducing mucosal damage (Sartor and Wu, 2017).”
From Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics (2021) · cites this paper as Sartor and Wu, 2017
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References 177 · Cited by 808
- Authors
- Sartor, R. B., & Wu, G. D.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sartor, R. Balfour
- Wu, Gary D.
- Venue
- Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 152
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 327-339.e4
- ISSN
- 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5511756
- OpenAlex
- W2534977774
- Cited by
- 808
- References
- 177
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 99 · 2023: 87 · 2022: 108 · 2021: 108 · 2020: 96 · 2019: 107 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 6.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P01DK094779)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, pouchitis, dysbiosis, gut viruses, gut fungi, metagenome, metabolome, mucosal homeostasis, intestinal inflammation, immune response, fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary management, immunosuppressive therapy
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Bacteria, Colitis, Ulcerative, Crohn Disease, Fungi, Humans, Viruses, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Pouchitis, Metagenome, Metabolome, Dysbiosis
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