Understanding and Preventing the Global Increase of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Abstract
The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are contemporary conditions of industrialized societies. The prevalence of IBD continues to increase steadily in Western countries, and newly industrialized countries have a rapidly increasing incidence. The global spread of IBD appears to associate with Westernization of diets and environments, which affects the intestinal microbiome and increases the risk of IBD in genetically susceptible individuals. It is important to increase our understanding of these events to slow progression of IBD. We present a long-term plan to develop interventions that slow or stop the global increase in the incidence of IBD.
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Transitions between IBD epidemiological stages are driven by human influence, including industrialization, urbanization, and westernization.
“The transition from one stage in the evolution of IBD to the next is a result of human influence: the factors that contribute to these transitions include industrialization, urbanization and westernization of society10.”
From The four epidemiological stages in the global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
The True Rise in incidence is an epidemiological transition state in which individuals carrying genetic susceptibility mutations are exposed to environmental factors associated with westernization that might alter their intestinal microbiota, particularly early in life, potentially triggering IBD later.
“The True Rise in incidence is fundamentally an epidemiological transition state whereby individuals carrying genetic susceptibility mutations are exposed to environmental factors associated with the westernization of society that might alter their intestinal microbiota, particularly early in life, which could trigger IBD later in life10.”
From The four epidemiological stages in the global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
A pattern is observed such that the highest incidence of IBD has been reported in regions with the highest population density.
“Overall, a pattern is observed such that the highest incidence of IBD has been reported in regions with the highest population density10.”
From The four epidemiological stages in the global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
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References 105 · Cited by 1,224
- Authors
- Kaplan, G. G., & Ng, S. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Kaplan, Gilaad G.
- Ng, Siew C.
- Venue
- Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 152
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 313-321.e2
- ISSN
- 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2536753757
- Cited by
- 1,224
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 108 · 2025: 142 · 2024: 148 · 2023: 153 · 2022: 158 · 2021: 158 · 2020: 131 · 2019: 118 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 9.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2017-06-01)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
- Keywords
- inflammatory bowel disease, IBD incidence, Westernization, diet, gut microbiota, genetic susceptibility, prevention, industrial society, newly industrializing countries
- MeSH terms
- Industrial Development, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Environment, Humans, Global Health, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Incidence, Prevalence, Developed Countries, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Gene-Environment Interaction, Dysbiosis, Diet, Western
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