The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Breast cancer and NSAID use: a meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Recent epidemiological studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce the risk of several cancers including breast cancer. This meta-analysis examined the studies on NSAID use and breast cancer. The estimators of relative risk and associated variances, which have been adjusted for the greatest number of confounders, were abstracted and included in the meta-analysis. Combined estimators of relative risk (RR) were calculated using either fixed or random effect models. Meta-analyses were performed on 6 cohort studies (number of cases ranged from 14 to 2414) and 8 case-control studies (number of cases ranged from 252 to 5882). The combined estimate of relative risk was 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.75-0.89). The combined estimate for cohort studies was 0.78 (95% CI = 0.62-0.99) and was 0.87 (95% CI = 0.84-0.91) for case-control studies. The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that NSAID use may be associated with a small decrease in the risk of breast cancer. However, the available data are insufficient to estimate the dose-response effect for duration and frequency of use of any particular types of NSAID.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552
Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias
Begg, C. B., & Mazumdar, M. (1994) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533446 · Cited by 16,955
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380
Reproductive Factors and Breast Cancer
Kelsey, J. L., Gammon, M. D., & John, E. M. (1993) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036115 · Cited by 1,446
Aspirin use and risk of fatal cancer.
Thun, M. J., Namboodiri, M. M., Calle, E. E., Flanders, W. D., & Heath, C. W. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 870
Aspirin Use and Lung, Colon, and Breast Cancer Incidence in a Prospective Study
Schreinemachers, D. M., & Everson, R. B. (1994) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199403000-00003 · Cited by 736
Proportion of Breast Cancer Cases in the United States Explained by Well-Established Risk Factors
Madigan, M. P., Ziegler, R. G., Benichou, J., Byrne, C., & Hoover, R. N. (1995) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/87.22.1681 · Cited by 655
Expression of Cyclooxygenase-1 and Cyclooxygenase-2 in Human Breast Cancer
Hwang, D., Byrne, J., Scollard, D., & Levine, E. (1998) · JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/90.6.455 · Cited by 651
Incidence of Cancer Among Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Gridley, G., McLaughlin, J. K., Ekbom, A., Klareskog, L., Adami, H.-O., Hacker, D. G., Hoover, R., & Fraumeni, J. F. (1993) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/85.4.307 · Cited by 581
A Hypothesis: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Reduce the Incidence of Large-Bowel Cancer
Rosenberg, L., Palmer, J. R., Zauber, A. G., Warshauer, M. E., Stolley, P. D., & Shapiro, S. (1991) · JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/83.5.355 · Cited by 501
Cited by
Thun, M. J., Henley, S. J., & Patrono, C. (2002) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/94.4.252 · Cited by 1,433
Cook, N. R., Lee, I.-M., Gaziano, J. M., Gordon, D., Ridker, P. M., Manson, J. E., Hennekens, C. H., & Buring, J. E. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.1.47 · Cited by 796
Natural withanolides: an overview
Chen, L.-X., He, H., & Qiu, F. (2011) · Natural Product Reports · doi:10.1039/c0np00045k · Cited by 358
Anticancer and antiinflammatory activities of cucurbitacins from Cucurbita andreana
Jayaprakasam, B., Seeram, N. P., & Nair, M. G. (2003) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3835(02)00497-4 · Cited by 291
Liu, B., Wang, T., Wang, H., Zhang, L., Xu, F., Fang, R., Li, L., Cai, X., Wu, Y., Zhang, W., et al. (2018) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-018-0577-5 · Cited by 73
Metadata
- Authors
- Khuder, S. A., & Mutgi, A. B.
- Venue
- British Journal of Cancer
- Published
- 2001
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1188-1192
- ISSN
- 0007-0920 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-1827
- OpenAlex
- W2053071688
- Cited by
- 273
- References
- 26
- FWCI
- 2.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Breast cancer and NSAID use: a meta-analysis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1054/bjoc.2000.1709
- The paper
- Khuder, S. A., & Mutgi, A. B. (2001). Breast cancer and NSAID use: a meta-analysis. British Journal of Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1054/bjoc.2000.1709
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
