Cited by 427Pain Management and Opioid UseCancer survivorship and carePediatric Pain Management Techniques

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The validity and reliability of pain measures in adults with cancer

Open access

Jensen, Mark P.·2003·The Journal of Pain

DOI 10.1054/jpai.2003.1

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

To be most useful, clinical trials of cancer pain treatments should use pain measures that are both reliable and valid. A great variety of measures are now available that may be used to assess cancer pain. However, there are not yet any clear guidelines for selecting one or more measures over the others. The purpose of this article is to summarize the evidence concerning the validity and reliability of cancer pain measures. One hundred sixty-four articles were identified that provided psychometric data of pain measures among patients with cancer. The results indicate that commonly used single-item ratings of pain intensity are all valid and adequately reliable as measures of pain intensity, although some scales appear to be easier for patients with cancer to understand and to use than others. Multiple-item measures of pain intensity are reliable, but evidence concerning their validity is lacking. There is a paucity of research examining the psychometric properties of measures of cancer pain interference, pain relief, pain site, the temporal aspects of pain, and pain quality. This lack of evidence limits the conclusions that may be drawn concerning the reliability and validity of these other pain measures. Composite measures that combine ratings of pain intensity and pain interference into a single score appear to be both valid and reliable for describing patient populations, although their usefulness in clinical trials may be limited because they can obscure the contributions of intensity and interference to the total score. Proxy measures of cancer pain (pain ratings made by someone other than the patient) may be useful when patients are not able to provide pain ratings, but they should not be used as replacements for patient ratings when patient self-report measures are available. The discussion includes specific recommendations for selecting from among the available pain measures, as well as recommendations for future research into the assessment of cancer pain.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1054/jpai.2003.1

Cites

27 of 27 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: A Quality-of-Life Instrument for Use in International Clinical Trials in Oncology
Aaronson, N. K., Ahmedzai, S., Bergman, B., Bullinger, M., Cull, A., Duez, N. J., Filiberti, A., Flechtner, H., Fleishman, S. B., Haes, J. C. J. M. D., et al. (1993) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/85.5.365 · Cited by 16,005
The McGill Pain Questionnaire: Major properties and scoring methods
Melzack, R. (1975) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(75)90044-5 · Cited by 6,873
Clinical importance of changes in chronic pain intensity measured on an 11-point numerical pain rating scale
Farrar, J. T., Young, J. P., LaMoreaux, L., Werth, J. L., & Poole, M. R. (2001) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(01)00349-9 · Cited by 5,808
Pain assessment: global use of the Brief Pain Inventory.
Cs, C., & Km, R. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 5,178
The short-form McGill pain questionnaire
Melzack, R. (1987) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(87)91074-8 · Cited by 4,368
When is cancer pain mild, moderate or severe? Grading pain severity by its interference with function
Serlin, R. C., Mendoza, T. R., Nakamura, Y., Edwards, K. R., & Cleeland, C. S. (1995) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00178-h · Cited by 1,493
Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Fabry Disease
Schiffmann, R., Kopp, J. B., Austin, H. A., Sabnis, S. G., Moore, D. F., Weibel, T., Balow, J. E., & Brady, R. O. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.21.2743 · Cited by 1,298
Defining the clinically important difference in pain outcome measures
Farrar, J. T., Portenoy, R. K., Berlin, J. A., Kinman, J. L., & Strom, B. L. (2000) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00339-0 · Cited by 1,071
Management of cancer pain
Portenoy, R. K., & Lesage, P. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)01310-0 · Cited by 1,013
Development and preliminary validation of a pain measure specific to neuropathic pain
Galer, B. S., & Jensen, M. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.48.2.332 · Cited by 778
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 28 references

1 of the 28 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 427

Messen und Erfassen von Schmerz
Hechler, T., Denecke, H., Hünseler, C., Schroeder, S., & Zernikow, B. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74065-0_5 · Cited by 23
Contralateral Knee Effect on Self‐Reported Knee‐Specific Function and Global Functional Assessment: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Cotofana, S. C., Wirth, W., Rossi, C. P., Eckstein, F., & Günther, O. H. (2014) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.22495 · Cited by 22
“” This measure of pain intensity has been shown to have a high reliability and strong associations to changes in knee pain status following treatment (13,14).”
Background
Use of virtual reality for symptom management in solid-tumor patients with implications for primary brain tumor research: a systematic review
Leggiero, N., Armstrong, T. S., Gilbert, M. R., & King, A. L. (2020) · Neuro-Oncology Practice · doi:10.1093/nop/npaa012 · Cited by 22
Options to manage postcraniotomy acute pain in neurosurgery: no protocol available
Santos, C. M. T., Pereira, C. U., Chaves, P. H. S., Tôrres, P. T. R. D. L., Oliveira, D. M. D. P., & Rabelo, N. N. (2020) · British Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.1080/02688697.2020.1817852 · Cited by 22
Assessment of Neutropenia-Related Quality of Life in a Clinical Setting
Ropka, M. E., & PADILLA, G. V. (2007) · Oncology nursing forum · doi:10.1188/07.onf.403-409 · Cited by 22
Using patient reported outcomes in oncology clinical practice
Kelleher, S. A., Somers, T. J., Locklear, T., Crosswell, A. D., & Abernethy, A. P. (2016) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.sjpain.2016.05.035 · Cited by 22
Relationships between depression, pain and sleep quality with doctor visits among community-based adults in north-west China
Guo, J., Liu, C., Wang, X., Qu, Z., Zhang, W., & Zhang, X. (2017) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2017.01.031 · Cited by 23
Cross-lagged longitudinal analysis of pain intensity and sleep disturbance
Amtmann, D., Bamer, A. M., Askew, R. L., & Jensen, M. P. (2020) · Disability and health journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100908 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Assessment tools for the evaluation of pain in the oncology patient
Anderson, K. O. (2007) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-007-0201-9 · Cited by 22
“Verbal descriptor scales (VDS) have a long history in clinical and research settings [15, 16 ].”
Background
Pre- and post-operative psychological interventions to prevent pain and fatigue after breast cancer surgery (PREVENT): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Reme, S. E., Munk, A., Holter, M. T. S., Falk, R. S., & Jacobsen, H. B. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268606 · Cited by 23
“It is a valid measure of pain intensity (0–10) that is less influenced by present mood state [55], and has been widely used to assess post-surgical pain in previous studies of women with breast cancer [3,7,8,56].”
The effect of nursing interventions with therapeutic play and video animations prepared with psychodrama technique in reducing fear, anxiety, and pain of children at male circumcision: A randomized controlled study
Tuncay, S., & Tüfekçi, F. G. (2023) · International Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/iju.15184 · Cited by 21
Trends in Prostate-Specific Antigen Test Use, 2000–2005
Ross, L. E., Taylor, Y. J., & Howard, D. L. (2011) · Public Health Reports · doi:10.1177/003335491112600214 · Cited by 21
Assessment of sleep disturbances in patients with cancer: Cross-sectional study in a radiotherapy department
López, E., de la Torre‐Luque, A., Lazo, A., Álvarez, J., & Buela‐Casal, G. (2015) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2014.12.008 · Cited by 21
“The impact of pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (Jensen, 2003).”
Method
Mechanosensitivity in the upper extremity following breast cancer treatment
Smoot, B. J., Boyd, B. S., Byl, N. N., & Dodd, M. (2013) · Journal of Hand Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jht.2013.08.021 · Cited by 21
Development and Testing of a Computerized Pain Body Map in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Jaatun, E. A. A., Hjermstad, M. J., Gundersen, O. E., Oldervoll, L. M., Kaasa, S., & Haugen, D. F. (2013) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.02.025 · Cited by 21
“Rapid presentation of results may improve doctor-patient communication.(18,19) Computerized versions of pain body maps (CPBMs) make detailed pain markings possible, for example, with incorporation of pain intensity ratings for each location and descriptions of pain quality, depending on the sophistication of the softw…”
Screening for Pain in Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors Using the Pain Thermometer
Chordas, C. A., Manley, P. E., Modest, A. M., Chen, B., Liptak, C. C., & Recklitis, C. J. (2013) · Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1177/1043454213493507 · Cited by 21
“Research findings support the validity and reliability of numeric rating scales in adult cancer patients as briefly discussed in a review by Jensen (2003), and in children, both visual and numeric analogue scales of pain have shown evidence of validity and reliability as well (Cohen et al., 2008;…”
Background
Pain Neuroscience Education in cancer survivors with persistent pain: A pilot study
Pas, R., Leysen, L., Goeij, W. D., Vossebeld, L., van Wilgen, P., Groef, A. D., & Kooning, M. D. (2020) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.06.027 · Cited by 20
Health-related quality of life among patients with metastatic melanoma
Robinson, D. W., Cormier, J. N., Zhao, N., Uhlar, C., Revicki, D. A., & Cella, D. F. (2011) · Melanoma Research · doi:10.1097/cmr.0b013e32834d3da0 · Cited by 20
Unresolved Pain Interference among Colorectal Cancer Survivors: Implications for Patient Care and Outcomes
Kenzik, K. M., Pisu, M., Johns, S. A., Baker, T. A., Oster, R. A., Kvale, E. A., Fouad, M. N., & Martin, M. Y. (2015) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/pme.12727 · Cited by 20
“72 Time since diagnosis (days) Mean (SD) 144 (53) 440 (121) (Range) (41-364) (269-1170) Surgery No 209 7.”
Background
The reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire
Solé, E., Castarlenas, E., Sánchez‐Rodríguez, E., Galán, S., de la Vega, R., Jensen, M. P., & Miró, J. (2017) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105316686669 · Cited by 21
Self-citation
Factors Influencing Pain Expression in Patients with Cancer: An Expert Opinion
Mercadante, S., & Coluzzi, F. (2021) · Pain and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40122-021-00272-x · Cited by 21
“NRS is sensitive to changes in pain intensity after a therapeutic intervention [19].”
Background
The Effectiveness of a Self-Reporting Bedside Pain Assessment Tool for Oncology Inpatients
Kim, E. B., Han, H., Chung, J. H., Park, B. R., Lim, S.-N., Yim, K. H., Shin, Y. D., Lee, K. H., Kim, W., & Kim, S. T. (2012) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2012.0183 · Cited by 20
Immersive virtual reality analgesia in un-medicated laboring women (during stage 1 and 2): a randomized controlled trial
Momenyan, N., Safaei, A., & Hantoushzadeh, S. (2021) · Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.31083/j.ceog.2021.01.2116 · Cited by 19
Hypnotic Enhancement of Virtual Reality Distraction Analgesia during Thermal Pain: A Randomized Trial
Patterson, D. R., Hoffman, H. G., Chambers, G. T., Bennetts, D., Hunner, H. H., WIECHMAN, S. A., García‐Palacios, A., & Jensen, M. P. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207144.2021.1882259 · Cited by 23
“…is a psychological pain control technique that can help reduce acute procedural pain (Kendrick et al., 2016; Lang et al., 2000; Montgomery et al., 2000; Patterson, 2010; Patterson & Jensen, 2003; see also Kihlstrom, 1998; Lynn & Rhue, 1991; Rainville et al., 1997; Tataryn & Kihlstrom, 2017).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Spinal Cord Injury
Bryce, T. N. (2009) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 20
Transitions in Symptom Cluster Subgroups Among Men Undergoing Prostate Cancer Radiation Therapy
Dirksen, S. R., Belyea, M. J., Wong, W. W., & Epstein, D. R. (2015) · Cancer Nursing · doi:10.1097/ncc.0000000000000236 · Cited by 19
“Single-item pain intensity rating scales are a valid, reliable measure of cancer pain.(28) Depression was measured by the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic StudiesYDepression Scale with responses ranging from 0 (rarely or none of the time) to 3 (most or all of the time).”
Method
Characterizing fatigue associated with sunitinib and its impact on health‐related quality of life in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Cella, D. F., Davis, M. P., Négrier, S., Figlin, R. A., Michaelson, M. D., Bushmakin, A. G., Cappelleri, J. C., Sandin, R., Korytowsky, B., Charbonneau, C., et al. (2014) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.28660 · Cited by 19
A theory-based educational intervention targeting nurses' attitudes and knowledge concerning cancer-related pain management: A study protocol of a quasi-experimental design
Borglin, G., Hjelm, M., & Krona, H. (2011) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-11-233 · Cited by 19
“80 [29].”
Prostate cancer pain management: EAU guidelines on pain management
Bader, P., Echtle, D. R., Fonteyne, V., Livadas, K., Meerleer, G. D., Borda, Á. P., Papaioannou, E. G., & Vranken, J. H. (2012) · World Journal of Urology · doi:10.1007/s00345-012-0825-1 · Cited by 19
“qualityof-life questionnaires, including the McGill Pain questionnaire, the Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey Questionnaire 36 (SF-36) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) [4–6].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Comparison of prevalence and associated factors of depressive disorder between patients with head and neck cancer and those with lung cancer at a tertiary hospital in Taiwan: a cross-sectional study
Lee, Y., Hung, C., Chien, C., Lin, P., Lin, M., Wang, C., Lu, H., Chen, Y., Chong, M., & Wang, L. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037918 · Cited by 19
Case Report: Virtual Reality Analgesia in an Opioid Sparing Orthopedic Outpatient Clinic Setting: A Case Study
Firoozabadi, R., Elhaddad, M., Drever, S. A., Soltani, M., Githens, M. F., Kleweno, C. P., Sharar, S. R., Patterson, D. R., & Hoffman, H. G. (2020) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2020.553492 · Cited by 19
“Such pain rating scales have been shown to be valid through their strong associations with other measures of pain intensity, as well as through their ability to detect treatment effects (Jensen and Karoly, 2001; Jensen, 2003; Hoffman et al., 2004).”
Background
Dyspnea relief: More than just the perception of a decrease in dyspnea
Peiffer, C. (2009) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2009.04.001 · Cited by 21
Manual Lymph Drainage With Progressive Arm Exercises for Axillary Web Syndrome After Breast Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Torres-Lacomba, M., Prieto-Gómez, V., Arranz-Martín, B., Ferrandez, J. C., Yuste-Sánchez, M. J., Navarro-Brazález, B., & Romay‐Barrero, H. (2021) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzab314 · Cited by 18
Managing cancer pain: Frequently asked questions
Induru, R. R., & Lagman, R. L. (2011) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.78a.10054 · Cited by 19
Rehabilitation of patients with stroke: summary of SIGN guidance
Smith, L. N., James, R., Barber, M., Ramsay, S., Gillespie, D. C., Chung, C., & on behalf of the Guideline Development Group (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c2845 · Cited by 18
“Ask patients about pain and assess the severity of pain (using a validated pain assessment tool such as the visual analogue scale or numerical rating scale)”
Method
Evaluation of the treatment of chronic chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy using long-wave diathermy and interferential currents: a randomized controlled trial
Lindblad, K., Bergkvist, L., & Johansson, A. (2015) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-015-3060-7 · Cited by 18
Visceral States Call for Visceral Measures: Verbal Overshadowing of Hunger Ratings Across Assessment Modalities
Creswell, K. G., Sayette, M. A., Schooler, J. W., Wright, A. G. C., & Pacilio, L. E. (2016) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191116645910 · Cited by 18
“Second, at least in the case of craving and pain, a growing body of evidence suggests that single-item scales perform just as well if not better than multi-item scales (Heckman et al., 2013; Jensen, 2003; Sayette, 2016; Tiffany & Wray, 2012).”
Background
Comparison of 2 Lumbar Manual Therapies on Temporal Summation of Pain in Healthy Volunteers
Penza, C. W., Horn, M. E., George, S. Z., & Bishop, M. D. (2017) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2017.07.007 · Cited by 18
“Both the NRS and MVAS are common for the 8 assessment of pain and demonstrate sound psychometric properties.(11,20,30,34,35) Before the baseline 9 testing, each subject underwent practice tests to familiarize themselves with the procedures and 10 stimuli (pressure and thermal) that they were to be exposed.”
Validation of Symptom Clusters in Patients with Metastatic Bone Pain
Hadi, S., Zhang, L., Hird, A. E., de, E., & Chow, E. (2008) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3747/co.v15i5.289 · Cited by 18
A comparison of pain responses, hemodynamic reactivity and fibre type composition between Bergström and microbiopsy skeletal muscle biopsies
Bonafiglia, J. T., Islam, H., Preobrazenski, N., Drouin, P., Ma, A., Gerhart, A., Quadrilatero, J., Tschakovsky, M. E., Tripp, D. A., Perry, C. G. R., et al. (2020) · Current Research in Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.crphys.2020.05.001 · Cited by 17
“In addition to quantitative assessments of pain, the McGill Pain Questionnaire descriptors (Melzack, 1975), herein referred to as McGill-D, were used to qualitatively characterize perceptions of pain during the skeletal muscle biopsies.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Patient-reported outcome instruments used to assess pain and functioning in studies of bisphosphonate treatment for bone metastases
Matza, L. S., Fallowfield, L. J., Chung, K., Currie, B. M., Brunt, K. V., & Patrick, D. L. (2012) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-011-1356-9 · Cited by 17
“intensity, with descriptors such as tingly, deep, sharp, or dull [31, 73].”
Background
Early pain detection and management after esophageal metal stent placement in incurable cancer patients: A prospective observational cohort study
Reijm, A. N., Didden, P., Bruno, M. J., & Spaander, M. C. W. (2016) · Endoscopy International Open · doi:10.1055/s-0042-111202 · Cited by 17
Evaluation and comparison of the effects of Xyla-P cream and cold compress on the pain caused by the cannulation of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients
Ebrahimi, H., Ghoreyshi, Z., Amerian, M., & Amanpour, F. (2018) · Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation · doi:10.4103/1319-2442.229265 · Cited by 17
Self-management support intervention to control cancer pain in the outpatient setting: a randomized controlled trial study protocol
Hochstenbach, L. M. J., Courtens, A. M., Zwakhalen, S. M. G., van Kleef, M., & de Witte, L. (2015) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1428-1 · Cited by 17
“Pain intensity will be measured with the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), an instrument frequently used to assess pain in patients with cancer both within the clinical and research setting [17, 18].”
Method
Effects of acupuncture for cancer pain and quality of life – a case series
Vinjamury, S. P., Li, J.-T., Hsiao, E., Huang, C., Hawk, C., Miller, J. N., & Huang, Y. (2013) · Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1186/1749-8546-8-15 · Cited by 17
“Both of these measures were shown to be valid and reliable for cancer patients [27-29].”
Background
A psychophysical study comparing massage to conditioned pain modulation: A single blind randomized controlled trial in healthy participants
Wilson, A. T., Riley, J. L., Bishop, M. D., Beneciuk, J. M., Godza, M., Cruz‐Almeida, Y., & Bialosky, J. E. (2021) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.02.014 · Cited by 18
A Review and Conceptual Analysis of Cancer Pain Self-Management
Mertilus, D. S. D., Lengacher, C. A., & Rodriguez, C. S. (2021) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2021.04.005 · Cited by 16
The Psychometric Properties of the Hebrew Version of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS-Heb) in Patients With Breast Cancer
Pud, D. (2014) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2014.08.016 · Cited by 16
Do Correlates of Pain-Related Stoicism and Cautiousness Differ in Younger and Older People With Advanced Cancer?
Mah, K., Tran, K., Gauthier, L. R., Rodin, G., Zimmermann, C., Warr, D. G., Librach, S. L., Moore, M. J., Shepherd, F. A., & Gagliese, L. (2017) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2017.11.002 · Cited by 17
Integrating Pain Metrics into Oncology Clinical Trials
Cleeland, C. S., O’Mara, A. M., Zagari, M. J., & Baas, C. (2011) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1109 · Cited by 16
Associations Between Catecholaminergic and Serotonergic Genes and Persistent Breast Pain Phenotypes After Breast Cancer Surgery
Knisely, M. R., Conley, Y. P., Kober, K. M., Smoot, B. J., Paul, S. M., Levine, J. D., & Miaskowski, C. A. (2018) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2018.04.007 · Cited by 16
An Integrated Review of Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Adult Oncologic Pain Management
Shin, S. J., Mitchell, C., Mannion, K., Smolyn, J., & Meghani, S. H. (2018) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2018.09.006 · Cited by 14
“be valid and to have sensitivity to changes in pain in adult oncology patients (Jensen, 2003).”
Background
Distress and Spiritual Well-Being in Brazilian Patients Initiating Chemotherapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Cross-Sectional Study
Mendonça, Â. B., Pereira, E. R., Magnago, C., da Silva, P. G., Leão, D. C. M. R., Silva, R. M. C. R. A., & Meira, K. C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182413200 · Cited by 15
“The pain VAS is a one-dimensional instrument, consisting of a continuous scale made up of a horizontal line 10 cm long, with each end of the line labeled with descriptors representing the extremes of pain intensity: 0 = no pain; 10 = worst pain [41,45,46].”
Background
An Examination of Adherence to Pain Medication Plans in Older Cancer Patients in Hospice Care
Sanders, S., Herr, K., Fine, P. G., Fiala, C. A., Tang, X., & Forcucci, C. (2012) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.01.007 · Cited by 15
“BPI uses a numeric rating scale approach that has been demonstrated reliable and valid for use with older adults, including those with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment.(27,28) Cognitive impairment, often present in advanced illness with patients receiving opioid treatment, may interfere with use of the BPI.”
Method
The association of presurgery psychological symptoms with postsurgery pain among cancer patients receiving implantable devices for pain management
Aigner, C. J., Hernández, M., Koyyalagunta, L., & Novy, D. M. (2014) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-014-2219-y · Cited by 15
“This type of pain assessment, which captures different elements of the pain experience, is widely used and has demonstrated validity for cancer pain assessment [20–22].”
Method
Pain and anxiety in patients with breast cancer treated with morphine versus tramal with virtual reality
Ahmad, M. M., Mohammad, E. B., Tayyem, E. A. I., Al‐Gamal, E., & Atout, M. M. W. (2023) · Health Care For Women International · doi:10.1080/07399332.2023.2257627 · Cited by 16
“The visual analog scale (VAS), a valid and accurate instrument for assessing pain among cancer patients, was employed to determine the intensity of the pain (Jensen, 2003).”
Method
Comparing pain intensity rating scales in acute postoperative pain: boundary values and category disagreements
Moore, R. A., Clephas, P. R. D., Straube, S., Wertli, M. M., Ireson‐Paige, J., & Heesen, M. A. (2023) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.16186 · Cited by 14
Pain questionnaire performance in advanced prostate cancer: comparative results from two international clinical trials
Robinson, D. W., Zhao, N., Dawkins, F. W., Qi, M., & Revicki, D. A. (2013) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-013-0411-z · Cited by 14
Feasibility of assessing patients’ acceptable pain in a randomized controlled trial on a patient pain education program
Oldenmenger, W. H., & van der Rijt, C. C. D. (2016) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216316664492 · Cited by 14
Patient and Physician Satisfaction with Analgesic Treatment: Findings from the Analgesic Treatment for Cancer Pain in Southeast Asia (ACE) Study
Thinh, D. H. Q., Sriraj, W., Mansor, M., Tan, K. H., Irawan, C., Kurnianda, J., Nguyen, Y. P., Ong-Cornel, A. B., Hadjiat, Y., Moon, H., et al. (2018) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/2018/2193710 · Cited by 14
Validation of the Multidimensional Affect and Pain Survey (MAPS)
Knotková, H., Clark, W. C., Keohan, M. L., Kuhl, J. P., Winer, R. T., & Wharton, R. N. (2006) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2005.10.002 · Cited by 14
The evaluation of changes in peripheral neuropathy and quality-of-life using low-frequency electrostimulation in patients treated with chemotherapy for breast cancer: a study protocol
Jang, C. E., Jung, M. S., Sohn, E. H., Kim, M., Yoo, H., Bae, K., Kim, J. R., & Lee, J. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2874-2 · Cited by 13
The impact of excessive use of smart portable devices on neck pain and associated musculoskeletal symptoms. Prospective questionnaire-based study and review of literature
Shunnar, K. E., Nisah, M. A., & Kalaji, Z. H. (2024) · Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.inat.2023.101952 · Cited by 13
Can Burdensome Facebook “Friends” Cause You Pain? Self-Reported Pain as a Motivation for Exclusion
Okdie, B. M., & Wirth, J. H. (2018) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmy017 · Cited by 14
“The Pain Faces Scale is also used in medical settings (Garra et al., 2010) to assess pain in domains such as cancer treatment (Broome, Lillis, McGahee, & Bates, 1994; Jensen, 2003) and pain management (Gedaly-Duff & Burns, 1992).”
BackgroundMethod
Controlled pilot study for cancer patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome due to chemotherapy treated with BioBran (MGN-3-Arabinoxylane) and targeted radiofrequency heat therapy
Petrovics, G., Szigeti, G. P., Hamvas, S., Máté, Á., Betlehem, J., & Hegyi, G. (2016) · European Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2016.10.004 · Cited by 13
Objective Pain Measurement based on Physiological Signals
Lin, Y., Wang, L., Xiao, Y., Urman, R. D., Dutton, R. W., & Ramsay, M. A. E. (2018) · Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care · doi:10.1177/2327857918071056 · Cited by 13
“…may: (1) Not take all factors regarding the patient’s situation into consideration; (2) Introduce an examiner bias that may affect the final result of the test (Jensen, 2003); and (3) Introduce a patient bias, where one patient’s understanding of pain may differ from another’s (Jensen, 2003).”
Background
Depression and pain: testing of serial multiple mediators
Wongpakaran, T., Wongpakaran, N., Tanchakvaranont, S., Bookkamana, P., Pinyopornpanish, M., Wannarit, K., Satthapisit, S., Nakawiro, D., Hiranyatheb, T., & Thongpibul, K. (2016) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s110383 · Cited by 13
“A composite score was used combining pain intensity and pain interference ratings into a single score, as it appeared to have greater validity and reliability when compared to a single item.(64)”
Pain phenotyping and investigation of outcomes in physical therapy: An exploratory study in patients with low back pain
Wilson, A. T., Riley, J. L., Bishop, M. D., Beneciuk, J. M., Cruz‐Almeida, Y., Markut, K. A., Redd, C., LeBlond, N. D., Pham, P. H., Shirey, D., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0281517 · Cited by 14
Usability testing of an electronic pain monitoring system for palliative cancer patients: A think-aloud study
Taylor, S., Allsop, M. J., Bennett, M., & Bewick, B. M. (2017) · Health Informatics Journal · doi:10.1177/1460458217741754 · Cited by 12
The Effectiveness of Attention Bias Modification with and without Trans Cranial Direct Current Stimulation in Chronic Low Back Pain
Shiasy, Y., Shakiba, S., Taremian, F., Hejazi, S. M. A., & Abasi, A. (2020) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.18502/ijps.v15i2.2683 · Cited by 12
Committed Action, Disability and Perceived Health in Individuals with Fibromyalgia
Galán, S., Roy, R., Solé, E., Racine, M., de la Vega, R., Jensen, M. P., & Miró, J. (2019) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289.2018.1467370 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Development of a Novel Location-Based Assessment of Sensory Symptoms in Cancer Patients: Preliminary Reliability and Validity Assessment
Burkey, A. R., & Kanetsky, P. A. (2008) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2008.05.013 · Cited by 11
“This finding is consistent with the several studies that failed to find a close relationship between pain and QOL in cancer patients [18,19].”
Influential
Effect of warm footbath on arteriovenous fistula puncture-related pain in dialysis patients
Azimian, J., مددی, ز. ع., Falahatpishe, F., & Heidari, M. A. (2015) · The Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences · Cited by 11
Consultation with a specialized pain clinic reduces pain after oral and maxillofacial surgery
Dietrich, E.-M., Grießinger, N., Neukam, F. W., & Schlittenbauer, T. (2016) · Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2016.12.009 · Cited by 11
Trajectories of Self-reported Physical Functioning and Symptoms in Lung Cancer Survivors
Medysky, M. E., Dieckmann, N. F., Winters‐Stone, K. M., Sullivan, D. R., & Lyons, K. S. (2020) · Cancer Nursing · doi:10.1097/ncc.0000000000000765 · Cited by 11
“This subscale has high internal consistency.(35) Permission was obtained to utilize the Brief Pain Inventory in the present study.”
Method
Test–retest reliability of laser evoked pain perception and fMRI BOLD responses
Bi, Y., Hou, X., Zhong, J., & Hu, L. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79196-z · Cited by 10
Severe pain during wound care procedures: A cross‐sectional study protocol
Fiala, C. A., Abbott, L., Carter, C. D., Hillis, S. L., Wolf, J. S., Schuster, M., Dulski, R., Grice, E. A., Rakel, B. A., & Gardner, S. E. (2018) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.13699 · Cited by 13
“…established validity (correlation with the Visual Analogue Scale r = 0.847, p 0.001) (Paice & Cohen, 1997) and reliability (test–retest r = 0.93) (Jensen, 2003) for assessing acute pain and is associated with higher compliance and lower failure rates than the Visual Analogue Scales (Herr,…”
Influential
Associations Between Catecholaminergic and Serotonergic Genes and Persistent Arm Pain Severity Following Breast Cancer Surgery
Knisely, M. R., Conley, Y. P., Smoot, B. J., Paul, S. M., Levine, J. D., & Miaskowski, C. A. (2019) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2019.03.008 · Cited by 11
Time-action and patient experience analyses of locally advanced cervical cancer brachytherapy
van Vliet‐Pérez, S. M., van Paassen, R., Wauben, L. S. G. L., Straathof, R., van de Berg, N. J., Dankelman, J., Heijmen, B. J. M., Kolkman‐Deurloo, I. K., & Nout, R. A. (2024) · Brachytherapy · doi:10.1016/j.brachy.2024.01.007 · Cited by 10
Increasing presence via a more immersive VR system increases virtual reality analgesia and draws more attention into virtual reality in a randomized crossover study
Hoffman, H. G., Seibel, C. C., Coron, L., Simons, L. E., Drever, S. A., May, S. L., Mason, K. P., & Flor, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2024.1452486 · Cited by 10
Using Virtual Reality Pablo Gaming in the Post-Operative Rehabilitation of Breast Cancer Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial
Ibrahim, A. A., Aly, S. M., Youssef, A. S. A., Ragab, M. M. M., & Hussein, H. M. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13247609 · Cited by 12
Adoptation of an evidence-based clinical practice guideline in cancer pain management by medical oncologists: a case vignette study
Boveldt, N. T., Vernooij-Dassen, M. J. F. J., Besse, K., Vissers, K. C. P., & Engels, Y. (2014) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-014-2472-0 · Cited by 10
Test-Retest Reliability of 10 Hz Conditioning Electrical Stimulation Inducing Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)-Like Pain Amplification in Humans
Xia, W., Mørch, C. D., & Andersen, O. K. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161117 · Cited by 10
“It is quantified by the extent to which the measurements are consistent [24,25].”
Background
The Rotterdam Elderly Pain Observation Scale (REPOS) is reliable and valid for non-communicative end-of-life patients
Masman, A. D., van Dijk, M., van Rosmalen, J., Baar, F. P. M., Tibboel, D., & Boerlage, A. A. (2018) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-018-0280-x · Cited by 10
“The NRS is considered a valid tool to assess cancer pain intensity [26, 27].”
Method
The immediate effect of a single session of pain neuroscience education on pain and the autonomic nervous system in subjects with persistent pain, a pilot study
Sillevis, R., Trincado, G., & Shamus, E. (2021) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.11543 · Cited by 10
Acute pain management and assessment: are guidelines being implemented in developing countries (Lebanon)
Zeitoun, A., Dimassi, H. I., Chami, B. A., & Chamoun, N. R. (2012) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2012.01860.x · Cited by 10
Assessment of pain beliefs, coping and function
Haythornthwaite, J. A. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-443-07287-6/50025-4 · Cited by 11
Testing a pain self-management intervention by exploring reduction of analgesics’ side effects in cancer outpatients and the involvement of family caregivers: a study protocol (PEINCA-FAM)
Valenta, S., Spirig, R., Miaskowski, C. A., Zaugg, K., & Spichiger, E. (2018) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-018-0323-x · Cited by 13
Outcomes and experiences of an online Balance-Space music therapy intervention for cancer patients: A mixed methods study
Rabinowitch, T.-C., Dassa, A., Sadot, A. S., & Trincher, A. (2023) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2023.101998 · Cited by 9
“The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; pre- and post-intervention; Bond & Pilowsky, 1966): The VAS measures subjective ratings of pain using a visual horizontal line ranging from 1 (no pain) to 10 (acute pain) and has a test-retest reliability coefficient of.80 (Jensen, 2003).”
Method
Concurrent Validation of MI-CAT(V), a Clinical Metrology Instrument for Veterinarians Assessing Osteoarthritis Pain in Cats, through Testing for Firocoxib Analgesic Efficacy in a Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, and Blinded Study
Delsart, A., Otis, C., Leung, V. S., Labelle, É., Moreau, M., Frézier, M., Drag, M. D., Martel‐Pelletier, J., Pelletier, J., & Troncy, É. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14050711 · Cited by 9
“It refers to the sensitivity and specificity of the measure [7].”
Background
A longitudinal study of symptom cluster latent profiles in ovarian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
Feng, Y., Lin, T., Liu, X., Guo, X., Chen, J., & Deng, X. (2024) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.7139 · Cited by 9
“28 We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep disturbances.”
Method
Association between nociplastic pain and premature endocrine therapy discontinuation in breast cancer patients
Joyce, E. V., Carr, G., Wang, S., Brummett, C. M., Kidwell, K., & Henry, N. L. (2022) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-022-06806-x · Cited by 9
“The BPI, which is one of the most commonly used questionnaires, focuses on overall pain intensity and interference of pain on daily activities [21, 29].”
Critères de sélection et d’adaptation d’un questionnaire pour la recherche clinique
May, S. L., Loiselle, C. G., Gélinas, C., Lampron, A., Bouchard, E., & Goulet, C. (2008) · Douleur et Analgésie · doi:10.1007/s11724-008-0091-6 · Cited by 9
Avaliação das dimensões da sede: revisão integrativa
Martins, P. R., & Fonseca, L. F. (2017) · Revista Eletrônica de Enfermagem · doi:10.5216/ree.v19.40288 · Cited by 9
Gender Differences in Predictors of Quality of Life at the Initiation of Radiation Therapy
West, C. M., Paul, S. M., Dunn, L. B., Dhruva, A., Merriman, J. D., & Miaskowski, C. A. (2015) · Oncology nursing forum · doi:10.1188/15.onf.507-516 · Cited by 13
Assessment of Pain After SCI in Clinical Trials
Bryce, T. N., & Dijkers, M. P. J. M. (2005) · Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation · doi:10.1310/bmq9-wvpa-ju7u-jpn0 · Cited by 9
Adapting to Incarceration: Inmate Perceptions of Prison Life and Adjustment
Crank, B. R. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/1357730 · Cited by 9
The Interrelationship of Benefit Finding, Demoralization, and Stigma among Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Their Caregivers
Chou, P.-C., Lee, Y., Chang, Y., Hung, C., Chen, Y., Lin, T., Shih, F.-Y., Chen, W.-F., Lin, P., Chong, M., et al. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12090878 · Cited by 8
“A study was conducted to examine the reliability of the NPRS over time, and the results showed that it had good stability for worst pain (r = 0.93) and average pain (r = 0.78) over a 2-day period [32].”
MethodInfluential
Application of Patient-Reported Outcome Measurements in Adult Tumor Clinical Trials in China: Cross-Sectional Study
Jia, Y., Li, Q., Zhang, X. W., Yan, Y. N., Yan, S., Li, S., Li, W., Wu, X., Rong, H., & Liu, J. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/45719 · Cited by 8
“Similarly, the NRS, with its user-friendly nature and standardized format, has been the preferred tool for pain assessment [36-38].”
Total ankle arthroplasty: Strength, pain, and motion
DiLiberto, F. E., Haddad, S. L., Wilson, W. C., Courtney, C. A., Sara, L. K., & Vora, A. M. (2021) · Clinical Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105342 · Cited by 8

Authors: Jensen, M. P.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author: Jensen, Mark P.
ORCID: Jensen, Mark P.
Venue: The Journal of Pain
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2003-02
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Pages: 2-21
ISSN: 1526-5900 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1054/jpai.2003.1
OpenAlex: W1969092046
Cited by: 427
References: 28
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 31
FWCI: 10.45
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 7527 d)
Locations: Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
Keywords: cancer pain, pain assessment, psychometric properties, validity, reliability statistics, pain intensity, pain interference, analgesia, patient self-report, clinical trial outcome measures
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Pain, Pain Measurement, Reproducibility of Results

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The validity and reliability of pain measures in adults with cancer

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks