3 Different Types of Strength Training in Older Women
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the neuromuscular, morphological and functional adaptations of older women subjected to 3 different types of strength training. 58, healthy women (67 ± 5 year) were randomized to experimental (EG, n=41) and control groups (CG, n=17) during the first 6 weeks when the EG group performed traditional resistance exercise for the lower extremity. Afterwards, EG was divided into three specific strength training groups; a traditional group (TG, n=14), a power group (PG, n=13) that performed the concentric phase of contraction at high speed and a rapid strength group (RG, n=14) that performed a lateral box jump exercise emphasizing the stretch-shortening-cycle (SSC). Subjects trained 2 days per week through the entire 12 weeks. Following 6 weeks of generalized strength training, significant improvements occurred in EG for knee extension one-repetition (1RM) maximum strength (+19%), knee extensor muscle thickness (MT, +15%), maximal muscle activation (+44% average) and onset latency ( -31% average) for vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM) and rectus femoris (RF) compared to CG (p<0.05). Following 6 more weeks of specific strength training, the 1RM increased significantly and similarly between groups (average of +21%), as did muscle thickness of the VL (+25%), and activation of VL (+44%) and VM (+26%). The onset latency of RF (TG=285 ± 109 ms, PG=252 ± 76 ms, RG=203 ± 43 ms), reaction time (TG=366 ± 99 ms, PG=274 ± 76 ms, RG=201 ± 41 ms), 30-s chair stand (TG=18 ± 3, PG=18 ± 1, RG=21 ± 2) and counter movement jump (TG=8 ± 2 cm, PG=10 ± 3 cm, RG=13 ± 2 cm) was significantly improved only in RG (p<0.05). At the end of training, the rate of force development (RFD) over 150 ms (TG=2.3 ± 9.8 N·s(-1), PG=3.3 ± 3.2 N·s(-1), RG=3.8 ± 6.8 N·s(-1), CG=2.3 ± 7.0 N·s(-1)) was significantly greater in RG and PG than in TG and CG (p<0.05). In conclusion, rapid strength training is more effective for the development of rapid force production of muscle than other specific types of strength training and by consequence, better develops the functional capabilities of older women.
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Five RCTs confirmed via email communication with the authors that assessors were blinded.
“Although not reported in the articles, 5 RCTs confirmed (via our email communication with the authors) that assessors were blinded.31,35,38,46”
From Comparison of Power Training vs Traditional Strength Training on Physical Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [38]
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Cited by 95
- Authors
- Correa, C., LaRoche, D., Cadore, E., Reischak-Oliveira, A., Bottaro, M., Kruel, L. F., Tartaruga, M., Radaelli, R., Wilhelm, E., Lacerda, F., Gaya, A., & Pinto, R.
- Affiliations
- Physical Education Scholl, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- University of New Hampshire (US)
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (BR)
- Universidade de Brasília (BR)
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (BR)
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Sports Medicine
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 2012-07-10
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 962-969
- ISSN
- 0172-4622 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-3964
- OpenAlex
- W1995616039
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 7.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository (University of New Hampshire at Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Keywords
- resistance training, older women, power training, box jump, stretch-shortening cycle, quadriceps strength, muscle thickness, muscle activation, motor unit recruitment, neuromuscular adaptation, rate of force development, reaction time, functional performance, aging, knee extensors, lower extremity, countermovement jump, chair stand
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training
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