The Effects of Vitamin D-K-Calcium Co-Supplementation on Endocrine, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Vitamin D-Deficient Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Abstract
The current study was conducted to assess the effects of vitamin D-K-calcium co-supplementation on endocrine, inflammation, and oxidative stress biomarkers in vitamin D-deficient women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed on 60 vitamin D-deficient women diagnosed with PCOS aged 18–40 years old. Participants were randomly allocated into 2 groups to intake either 200 IU vitamin D, 90 μg vitamin K plus, 500 mg calcium supplements (n=30), or placebo (n=30) twice a day for 8 weeks. Endocrine, inflammation, and oxidative stress biomarkers were quantified at the beginning and the end of the study. After 8 weeks of intervention, compared with the placebo, vitamin D-K-calcium co-supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in serum-free testosterone (− 2.1±1.6 vs.+0.1±1.0 pg/ml, p<0.001) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels (− 0.8±1.0 vs.−0.1±0.5 μg/ml, p=0.006). In addition, a significant increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (+ 75.7±126.1 vs.−80.4±242.8 mmol/l, p=0.005) and a significant difference in plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (+ 0.03±0.6 vs.+1.4±2.4 μmol/l, p=0.005) was observed following the supplementation with vitamin D-K-calcium compared with the placebo. A trend toward a greater decrease in luteinizing hormone was observed in vitamin D-K-calcium co-supplement group compared to placebo group (− 7.0 vs.−1.2 IU/l, p=0.09). We did not find any significant effect of vitamin D-K-calcium co-supplementation on prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, 17-OH progesterone, inflammatory markers, and glutathione levels. Overall, vitamin D-K-calcium co-supplementation for 8 weeks among vitamin D-deficient women with PCOS had beneficial effects on serum DHEAS, free testosterone, plasma TAC, and MDA levels.
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In women with PCOS who have vitamin D deficiencies, co-supplementation of calcium and vitamin D improves β-cell function, TAC, hs-CRP, and GSH levels.
“In women with PCOS who have vitamin D deficiencies, co-supplementation of calcium and vitamin D has demonstrated improvements in β-cell function, TAC, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and glutathione (GSH) levels [142].”
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References 40 · Cited by 90
- Authors
- Razavi, M., Jamilian, M., Karamali, M., Bahmani, F., Aghadavod, E., & Asemi, Z.
- Affiliations
- Ardabil University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Arak University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Iran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Kashan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Venue
- Hormone and Metabolic Research
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 2016-04-06
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 07
- Pages
- 446-451
- ISSN
- 0018-5043 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-4286
- OpenAlex
- W2317582797
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 13.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hormone and Metabolic Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin K Research Studies
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, vitamin D, vitamin K, calcium supplementation, co-supplementation, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, luteinizing hormone, oxidative stress, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, inflammation, endocrine markers, women's health, dietary supplements, hyperandrogenism
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Calcium, Double-Blind Method, Endocrine System, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Placebos, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Vitamin K, Biomarkers, Oxidative Stress, Dietary Supplements
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