Fat storage in athletes: Metabolic and hormonal responses to swimming and running
Abstract
Despite similar rates of energy expenditure during training, it has been suggested that swimmers store greater amounts of body fat than runners. To investigate these discrepancies, eight male swimmers (S) and runners (R) were monitored during 45 min of swimming or running (75% VO2max), respectively, and six triathletes were monitored during swimming (ST) and running (RT). Each group was also monitored during two hours of recovery. Venous blood samples were obtained before exercise, immediately after exercise (0 min) and at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min of recovery. These samples were analyzed for glucose, lactate, glycerol, free fatty acids (FFA), insulin, glucagon, norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E). Expired gases and heart rates (HR) were obtained during exercise and also during recovery. The caloric cost of recovery was similar, but the RER results suggested increased fat oxidation during recovery for the S and the ST. Serum glucose was greater (P less than 0.05) immediately after exercise for R (6.71 +/- 0.29 mmol/l) and RT (6.40 +/- 0.26) compared to the S (4.97 +/- 0.19) and ST (4.87 +/- 0.18), and was significantly elevated for the initial 30 min of recovery. FFA were similar throughout the recovery period; however, blood glycerol was greater immediately after exercise (0 min) for R compared to S (NS) and was significantly elevated after exercise (0 min) for RT compared to ST. Differences in blood glucose or fat release were not explained by differences in NE or E; howev…
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Habitual cold-water swimmers may develop a greater storage of body fat than individuals primarily engaging in land-based forms of exercise.
“Habitual cold-water swimmers may develop a greater storage of body fat than individuals primarily engaging in land-based forms of exercise (Flynn et al., 1990).”
From Influence of water-based exercise on energy intake, appetite, and appetite-related hormones in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as Flynn et al., 1990
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Cited by 22
- Authors
- Flynn, M., Costill, D., Kirwan, J., Mitchell, J., Houmard, J., Fink, W., Beltz, J., & D'Acquisto, L.
- Affiliations
- Ball State University (US)
- Venue
- International Journal of Sports Medicine
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 1990-12
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 06
- Pages
- 433-440
- ISSN
- 0172-4622 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-3964
- OpenAlex
- W1980494570
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- fat deposition, fat mass, swimmers, runners, triathletes, post-exercise recovery, fat oxidation, free fatty acids, glycerol, insulin, glucagon, norepinephrine, epinephrine, glucose, energy expenditure
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Energy Metabolism, Heart Rate, Hormones, Humans, Male, Oxygen Consumption, Pulmonary Gas Exchange, Running, Swimming
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