Quantitative Transcript Profiling Reveals Down-Regulation of A Sterol Pathway Relevant Gene and Overexpression of Artemisinin Biogenetic Genes in Transgenic Artemisia annua Plants
Abstract
To investigate the dynamic fluctuation of terpenoid relevant transcriptomics in transgenic Artemisia annua plants that express the genomic integrated antisense squalene synthase gene ( asSS ), we have quantified the transcript levels of the sterol anabolic SS gene as well as artemisinin biogenetic amorphadiene synthase (ADS), cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP71AV1) and cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) genes by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RFQ-PCR). The SS mRNA level in transgenic plants sharply droped to 7.4 % – 55.3 % (i. e., 44.7 – 92.6 % reduction as the wild-type control), strongly implying that the expression of endogenous SS gene is significantly suppressed by the exogenous asSS gene. In a synchronous fashion, ADS , CYP71AV1 and CPR mRNA levels elevated with the decline of SS mRNA level in transgenic plants, and the maximal ADS , CYP71AV1 and CPR mRNA levels in transgenic plants were 3.0-, 4.4- and 2.5-fold, respectively, higher than those in the control. Without a lethal effect but with a distinguishable impact on the organogenesis and morphology of transgenic plants, the down-regulation of SS gene has also led to the coordinated overexpression of ADS , CYP71AV1 and CPR genes together with the overproduction of artemisinin although no fully perfect correlation among the available experimental data has been shown. Abbreviations ADS:amorphadiene synthase asSS :anti-sense squalene synthase gene CPR:cytochrome P450 reductase CYP71AV1 :cytochrome P450 monooxygenase FPP:farnesyl diphosphate HPLC:high-performance liquid chromatography MVA:mevalonate RFQ-PCR:real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction SS:squalene synthase
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Correlated variations in artemisinin, dihydroartemisinic acid, and artemisinic acid prove the existence of chemotypes of A. annua: high artemisinin plants also have high dihydroartemisinic acid but low artemisinic acid, while low artemisinin and low dihydroartemisinic acid chemotypes have high artemisinic acid.
“One particularly interesting study has concluded that correlated variations in all three natural products prove the existence of chemotypes of A. annua. Thus, plants with a high artemisinin (495) level were found also to have a high dihydroartemisinic acid (480) level, but a relatively low concentration of artemisinic acid (473); while chemotypes with low levels of artemisinin (495) and dihydroart”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [338]
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References 24 · Cited by 41
- Authors
- Yang, R.-Y., Feng, L.-L., Yang, X.-Q., Yin, L.-L., Xu, X.-L., & Zeng, Q.-P.
- Affiliations
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (CN)
- ORCID
- Zeng, Qing-Ping
- Venue
- Planta Medica
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 2008-09-24
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1510-1516
- ISSN
- 0032-0943 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-0221
- OpenAlex
- W2165611759
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 2.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Planta Medica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Sesquiterpenes and Asteraceae Studies
- Keywords
- Artemisia annua, artemisinin biosynthesis, squalene synthase, antisense gene expression, CYP71AV1, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, sterol biosynthesis, terpenoid biosynthesis, gene expression regulation, transgenic plants
- MeSH terms
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase, Phytosterols, Plant Proteins, RNA, Messenger, Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Genes, Plant, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genome, Plant, Gene Expression Profiling, Plants, Genetically Modified, Artemisia annua, Artemisinins
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