Cited by 1,162Pulmonary Hypertension Research and TreatmentsPharmacology and Obesity TreatmentPharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions

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Appetite-Suppressant Drugs and the Risk of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension

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Abenhaim, Lucien, Moride, Yola, Brenot, François, Rich, Stuart, Benichou, Jacques, Kurz, Xavier, Higenbottam, Tim, Oakley, Celia, Wouters, Emil, Aubier, Michel, Simonneau, Gérald, Bégaud, Bernard·1996·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejm199608293350901

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Recently, a cluster of patients was observed in France in whom primary pulmonary hypertension developed in patients exposed to derivatives of fenfluramine in appetite suppressants (anorexic agents), which are used for weight control. We investigated the potential role of anorexic agents and other suspected risk factors for primary pulmonary hypertension. METHODS: In a case-control study, we assessed 95 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension from 35 centers in France, Belgium, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands and 355 controls recruited from general practices and matched to the patients' sex and age. RESULTS: The use of anorexic drugs (mainly derivatives of fenfluramine) was associated with an increased risk of primary pulmonary hypertension (odds ratio with any anorexic-drug use, 6.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 3.0 to 13.2). For the use of anorexic agents in the preceding year, the odds ratio was 10.1 (95 percent confidence interval, 3.4 to 29.9). When anorexic drugs were used to a total of more than three months, the odds ratio was 23.1 (95 percent confidence interval, 6.9 to 77.7). We also confirmed an association with several previously identified risk factors: a family history of pulmonary hypertension, infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, cirrhosis, and use of cocaine or intravenous drugs. CONCLUSIONS: The use of anorexic drugs was associated with the development of primary pulmonary hypertension. Active surveillance for this disease should be considered, particularly since their use is expected to increase in the near future.

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Authors: Abenhaim, L., Moride, Y., Brenot, F., Rich, S., Benichou, J., Kurz, X., Higenbottam, T., Oakley, C., Wouters, E., Aubier, M., Simonneau, G., & Bégaud, B.
Affiliations: Jewish General Hospital (CA)
Hôpital Antoine-Béclère (FR)
University of Illinois Chicago (US)
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège (BE)
University of Sheffield (GB)
Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard (FR)
Hôpital Pellegrin (FR)
ORCID: Abenhaim, Lucien
Moride, Yola
Rich, Stuart
Kurz, Xavier
Higenbottam, Tim
Simonneau, Gérald
Bégaud, Bernard
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 1996-08-29
Volume: 335
Issue: 9
Pages: 609-616
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejm199608293350901
OpenAlex: W2329065056
Cited by: 1,162
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 71.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
Keywords: idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, appetite suppressants, drug-induced pulmonary hypertension, risk factors, HIV infection, liver cirrhosis, cocaine use, intravenous drug use, weight management
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Appetite Depressants, Belgium, Female, Fenfluramine, France, United Kingdom, Heart Function Tests, Hemodynamics, Humans, Hypertension, Pulmonary, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Prospective Studies, Respiratory Function Tests, Risk Factors, Incidence, Logistic Models, Case-Control Studies

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Appetite-Suppressant Drugs and the Risk of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension

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