Common Musculoskeletal Tumors of Childhood and Adolescence
Abstract
Common malignant tumors of the musculoskeletal system in children, adolescents, and young adults (<30 years old) include rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma. Together they constitute about 10 percent of newly diagnosed cancers in children, adolescents, and young adults (about 1000 cases annually in the United States). Although relatively common in young persons, these tumors are rare in older people.Rhabdomyosarcomas constitute more than half of all soft-tissue sarcomas in children.1 Other soft-tissue sarcomas are highly heterogeneous and individually rare (e.g., synovial sarcoma and sarcomas of soft parts); thus, they are not discussed further. Osteosarcoma comprises several high-grade histologic variants and . . .
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Recurrent, refractory and metastatic RMS represents one of the persistent clinical therapeutic challenges and unmet clinical need, with improvement in 5-year survival experiencing one of the smallest increases of all pediatric and AYA cancers.
“of which recurrent, refractory and metastatic RMS represents one of the persistent clinical therapeutic challenges and unmet clinical need,88–90 with improvement in 5-year survival experiencing one of the smallest increases of all pediatric and AYA cancers.91–95”
From Functional tumor cell-intrinsic STING, not host STING, drives local and systemic antitumor immunity and therapy efficacy following cryoablation (2023) · cites this paper as [88]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bielack, S. S., Kempf-Bielack, B., Delling, G., Exner, G. U., Flege, S., Helmke, K., Kotz, R., Salzer-Kuntschik, M., Werner, M., Winkelmann, W., et al. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2002.20.3.776 · Cited by 2,393 · see citing works
Kempf-Bielack, B., Bielack, S. S., Jürgens, H., Branscheid, D., Berdel, W. E., Exner, G. U., Göbel, U., Helmke, K., Jundt, G., Kabisch, H., et al. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.04.063 · Cited by 643 · see citing works
Tu, B., Zhu, J., Liu, S., Wang, L., Fan, Q., Hao, Y., Fan, C., & Tang, T.-T. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.10219 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Fritsche‐Guenther, R., Noske, A., Ungethüm, U., Kuban, R., Schlag, P. M., Tunn, P., Karle, J., Krenn, V., Dietel, M., & Sers, C. (2010) · Histopathology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03713.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
T cell exhaustion drives osteosarcoma pathogenesis
Sun, C.-Y., Zhang, Z., Tao, L., Xu, F.-F., Li, H.-Y., Zhang, H.-Y., & Liu, W. (2021) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-21-3928 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Alshebremi, M., Tomchuck, S. L., Myers, J. T., Kingsley, D. T., Eid, S., Abiff, M., Bonner, M., Saab, S. T., Choi, S. H., & Huang, A. Y.-C. (2023) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2022-006608 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Arndt, C. A. S., & Crist, W. M.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 1999-07-29
- Volume
- 341
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 342-352
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2026104663
- Cited by
- 657
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 2.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5u10ca028882-22)
- National Cancer Institute (CA28882-19)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM34847, R01GM034847)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac tumors and thrombi
- Keywords
- rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, childhood cancer, adolescents, young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Antineoplastic Agents, Bone Neoplasms, Child, Humans, Mutation, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Neoplasm Staging, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Sarcoma, Ewing, Osteosarcoma, Survival Rate, Muscle Neoplasms
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
