Diagnosis and management of the antiphospholipid syndrome
Abstract
Antiphospholipid antibodies can induce endothelial-cell, complement, platelet, neutrophil, and monocyte activation, leading to thrombosis, renal failure, heart valve disease, pregnancy loss, and neurologic complications. Warfarin is the main treatment option.
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The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in asymptomatic individuals or in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus does not confirm antiphospholipid syndrome, but it can be associated with increased risk of thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity depending on antibody characteristics and other risk factors.
“The presence of aPL in asymptomatic individuals or patients with SLE does not confirm the diagnosis of APS but can be associated with increased risk of thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity, depending on aPL characteristics and coexistence of other risk factors.3 4”
From EULAR recommendations for the management of antiphospholipid syndrome in adults (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
A high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile is associated with a greater risk of thrombotic and obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome.
“High-risk antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) profile is associated with greater risk for thrombotic and obstetric APS.”
From EULAR recommendations for the management of antiphospholipid syndrome in adults (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
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References 71 · Cited by 819
- Authors
- Garcia, D., & Erkan, D.
- Affiliations
- Hospital for Special Surgery (US)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2018-05-24
- Volume
- 378
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 2010-2021
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2803799996
- Cited by
- 819
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 72 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 115 · 2023: 103 · 2022: 123 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 104 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 26
- FWCI
- 13.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Vasculitis and related conditions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
- Keywords
- antiphospholipid syndrome, antiphospholipid antibodies, thrombosis, endothelial activation, complement activation, platelet activation, neutrophil activation, monocyte activation, renal failure, valvular heart disease, miscarriage, neurological complications, warfarin, anticoagulation, diagnosis, management
- MeSH terms
- Anticoagulants, Humans, Thrombosis, Warfarin, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Antibodies, Antiphospholipid
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