The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Disruptions and resilience in global container shipping and ports: the COVID-19 pandemic versus the 2008–2009 financial crisis
Open accessAbstract
Economic shocks test the resilience and adaptability of the shipping industry and container ports. Each crisis triggers different ramifications in the container market. This paper investigates the temporal and spatial sequences of the supply and demand shocks of COVID-19 on container ports and the container shipping industry by comparing these events to the 2008–2009 financial crisis. Using operational and financial data from primary and secondary sources, we analyze short-term impacts and their differences, the reasons for these variations, and the evolution in the adaptive capacity and resilience of ports, terminal operators, and carriers. The analysis revolves around several inter-related domains: impacts on global supply chains; impacts on operational aspects, market structure, and strategic behavior of shipping lines and terminal operators; impacts on port activity levels in terms of vessel calls and container volumes handled; and network impacts in terms of changes in aspects of container port connectivity. The changes observed and the strategic behavior of the market players involved reveal that further adaptation mechanisms, such as slow steaming, economies of scale, and capacity management, have been applied differently between the financial crisis and COVID-19, resulting in different outcomes. For an external shock such as COVID-19, impacts are the outcome of how ports and the shipping industry fit within complex supply chains and the cargo composition handled by ports.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“In a way, this is partly explained by the fleet capacity situation, in terms of (un)availability, which was far worse then (see Notteboom et al. 2021;Cullinane and Haralambides 2021;Cullinane et al. 2023 for a more detailed analysis).”
From The Red Sea Crisis: ramifications for vessel operations, shipping networks, and maritime supply chains (2024) · cites this paper as Notteboom et al. 2021
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Logistics engineering and management
Blanchard, B. S. (1974) · Cited by 701
The effect of high fuel costs on liner service configuration in container shipping
Notteboom, T., & Vernimmen, B. (2008) · Journal of Transport Geography · doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2008.05.003 · Cited by 456
Self-citationModern Economic Theory and Development
Hoff, K., & Stiglitz, J. E. (1999) · Cited by 398
Frontiers of development economics: the future in perspective
(2001) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-0424 · Cited by 380
Demand Spillovers and the Collapse of Trade in the Global Recession
Bems, R., Johnson, R. C., & Yi, K. (2010) · IMF Economic Review · doi:10.1057/imfer.2010.15 · Cited by 288
Gigantism in container shipping, ports and global logistics: a time-lapse into the future
Haralambides, H. E. (2019) · Maritime Economics & Logistics · doi:10.1057/s41278-018-00116-0 · Cited by 230
Todo, Y., Nakajima, K., & Matouš, P. (2014) · Journal of Regional Science · doi:10.1111/jors.12119 · Cited by 224
Transformation of port terminal operations: from the local to the global
Slack, B., & Frémont, A. (2004) · Transport Reviews · doi:10.1080/0144164042000206051 · Cited by 208
The corporate geography of global container terminal operators
Notteboom, T., & Rodrigue, J. (2012) · Maritime Policy & Management · doi:10.1080/03088839.2012.671970 · Cited by 151
Self-citationNotteboom, T., Parola, F., Satta, G., & Pallis, A. A. (2017) · Journal of Transport Geography · doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2017.09.002 · Cited by 146
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Drewry. 2019. Global Container Terminal Operators: Annual Review and Forecast. London: Drewry.
- Knowler, G. 2020a. Extent of Chinese Factory Slump Supports Fears over Inventory Levels. Journal of Commerce, March 4, 2020.
- Knowler, G. 2020b. Alliances Outline Extensive Blank Sailings for Q3. Journal of Commerce, June 3, 2020.
- Meditteranean Shipping Company (MSC). 2020. Suspension of Transit. Geneva: MSC.
- Mintel International. 2009. Brands—Are Supermarkets Squeezing Out Brands?. UK: Mintel International Group Ltd.
- Notteboom, T., and A.A. Pallis. 2020. WPSP/IAPH COVID-19 COVID-19 Port Economic Impact Barometer, September 2020. Antwerp: IAPH.
- UNCTAD. 2020a. COVID-10 and Maritime Transport: Impact and Responses. UNCATD/DTL/TLB/NF/2020/1. Geneva: UNCTAD.
- UNCTAD. 2020b. Review of Maritime Transpot 2020. Geneva: UNCTAD.
- World Health Organization. 2020. Shortage of Personal Protective Equipment Endangering Health Workers Worldwide, News Release. Geneva: WHO.
- World Trade Organization. 2020. Trade Set to Plunge as COVID-19 Pandemic Upends Global Economy, News Release. Geneva: WTO.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ports’ criticality in international trade and global supply-chains
Verschuur, J., Koks, E., & Hall, J. W. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32070-0 · Cited by 278
Notteboom, T., Haralambides, H., & Cullinane, K. (2024) · Maritime Economics & Logistics · doi:10.1057/s41278-024-00287-z · Cited by 167
Self-citationA systematic review of resilience in the maritime transport
Gu, B., & Liu, J. (2023) · International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications · doi:10.1080/13675567.2023.2165051 · Cited by 127
The container transport system during Covid-19: An analysis through the prism of complex networks
Guerrero, D., Letrouit, L., & Pais‐Montes, C. (2021) · Transport Policy · doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.10.021 · Cited by 108
Global shipping network dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic's initial phases
Dirzka, C., & Acciaro, M. (2021) · Journal of Transport Geography · doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103265 · Cited by 104
Metadata
- Authors
- Notteboom, T., Pallis, T., & Rodrigue, J.-P.
- Affiliations
- University of Antwerp (BE)
- University of the Aegean (GR)
- Hofstra University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Notteboom, Theo
- Venue
- Maritime Economics & Logistics
- Published
- 2021-01-04
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 179-210
- ISSN
- 1479-2931 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-294X
- PMC
- PMC7781181
- OpenAlex
- W3120887917
- Semantic Scholar
- dd9289b14e4057822dbb81d95378eb68b77a7182
- Cited by
- 521
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 122 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 92 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 30
- FWCI
- 40.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Maritime Economics & Logistics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Maritime Ports and Logistics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency
- Keywords
- container shipping, container ports, COVID-19 pandemic, 2008 financial crisis, supply chain disruption, port resilience, slow steaming, economies of scale, capacity management, shipping lines, terminal operators, market structure
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
