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Battle of the Water Calibration Networks
Abstract
Calibration is a process of comparing model results with field data and making the appropriate adjustments so that both results agree. Calibration methods can involve formal optimization methods or manual methods in which the modeler informally examines alternative model parameters. The development of a calibration framework typically involves the following: (1) definition of the model variables, coefficients, and equations; (2) selection of an objective function to measure the quality of the calibration; (3) selection of the set of data to be used for the calibration process; and (4) selection of an optimization/manual scheme for altering the coefficient values in the direction of reducing the objective function. Hydraulic calibration usually involves the modification of system demands, fine-tuning the roughness values of pipes, altering pump operation characteristics, and adjusting other model attributes that affect simulation results, in particular those that have significant uncertainty associated with their values. From the previous steps, it is clear that model calibration is neither unique nor a straightforward technical task. The success of a calibration process depends on the modeler’s experience and intuition, as well as on the mathematical model and procedures adopted for the calibration process. This paper provides a summary of the Battle of the Water Calibration Networks (BWCN), the goal of which was to objectively compare the solutions of different approaches to the calibration of water distribution systems through application to a real water distribution system. Fourteen teams from academia, water utilities, and private consultants participated. The BWCN outcomes were presented and assessed at the 12th Water Distribution Systems Analysis conference in Tucson, Arizona, in September 2010. This manuscript summarizes the BWCN exercise and suggests future research directions for the calibration of water distribution systems.
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“C-Town water distribution system is based on a real-world, medium-sized network, first introduced for the Battle of the Water Calibration Network (Ostfeld et al. 2011).”
From Battle of the Attack Detection Algorithms: Disclosing Cyber Attacks on Water Distribution Networks (2018) · cites this paper as Ostfeld et al. 2011
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ostfeld, A., Salomons, E., Ormsbee, L., Uber, J. G., Bros, C. M., Kalungi, P., Burd, R., Zazula-Coetzee, B., Belrain, T., Kang, D., Lansey, K., Shen, H., McBean, E., Yi Wu, Z., Walski, T., Alvisi, S., Franchini, M., Johnson, J. P., Ghimire, S. R., Barkdoll, B. D., Koppel, T., Vassiljev, A., Kim, J. H., Chung, G., Yoo, D. G., Diao, K., Zhou, Y., Li, J., Liu, Z., Chang, K., Gao, J., Qu, S., Yuan, Y., Prasad, T. D., Laucelli, D., Vamvakeridou Lyroudia, L. S., Kapelan, Z., Savic, D., Berardi, L., Barbaro, G., Giustolisi, O., Asadzadeh, M., Tolson, B. A., & McKillop, R.
- Affiliations
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (IL)
- OptiWater, 6 Amikam Israel St., Haifa 34385, Israel.
- University of Kentucky (US)
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- MWH (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Veolia (United Kingdom) (GB)
- University of Arizona (US)
- University of Guelph (CA)
- Bentley Systems, Inc., 27 Siemon Company Dr., Suite 200W, Watertown, CT 06795.
- University of Ferrara (IT)
- Michigan Technological University (US)
- University of Georgia (US)
- Tallinn University of Technology (EE)
- Korea University (KR)
- Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KR)
- Beijing University of Technology (CN)
- Harbin Institute of Technology (CN)
- University of Salford (GB)
- Polytechnic University of Bari (IT)
- Univ. of Exeter, Centre for Water Systems, Exeter, UK.
- University of Exeter (GB)
- University of Reggio Calabria (IT)
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Ostfeld, Avi
- ORCID
- Ostfeld, Avi
- Salomons, Elad
- Ormsbee, Lindell
- Lansey, Kevin
- McBean, Edward
- Alvisi, Stefano
- Franchini, Marco
- Ghimire, Santosh R.
- Barkdoll, Brian D.
- Vassiljev, Anatoli
- Kim, Joong Hoon
- Chung, Gunhui
- Yoo, Do Guen
- Diao, Kegong
- Li, Ji
- Liu, Zilong
- Gao, Jinliang
- Qu, Shaojian
- Prasad, T. Devi
- Laucelli, Daniele
- Kapelan, Zoran
- Savic, Dragan
- Berardi, Luigi
- Barbaro, Giuseppe
- Giustolisi, Orazio
- Asadzadeh, Masoud
- Tolson, Bryan A.
- Venue
- Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 138
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 523-532
- ISSN
- 0733-9496 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-5452
- OpenAlex
- W2092677285
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 21.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management (publishedVersion)
- DMU Open Research Archive (De Montfort University) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Water Systems and Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water resources management and optimization
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Keywords
- model calibration, water distribution systems, hydraulic calibration, objective function, pipe roughness, water utilities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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