The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Molecular hardness and softness, local hardness and softness, hardness and softness kernels, and relations among these quantities
Abstract
Hardness and softness kernels η(r,r′) and s(r,r′) are defined for the ground state of an atomic or molecular electronic system, and the previously defined local hardness and softness η(r) and s(r) and global hardness and softness η and S are obtained from them. The physical meaning of s(r), as a charge capacitance, is discussed (following Huheey and Politzer), and two alternative ‘‘hardness’’ indices are identified and briefly discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Pearson, R. G. (1963) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja00905a001 · Cited by 10,475
Cited by
Ayers, P. W., & Parr, R. G. (2000) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja9924039 · Cited by 934
Self-citationHard and soft acids and bases—The evolution of a chemical concept
Pearson, R. G. (1990) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/0010-8545(90)85016-l · Cited by 886
Conceptual density functional theory: status, prospects, issues
Geerlings, P., Chamorro, E., Chattaraj, P. K., De Proft, F., Gázquez, J. L., Liu, S., Morell, C., Toro-Labbé, A., Vela, A., & Ayers, P. (2020) · Theoretical Chemistry Accounts · doi:10.1007/s00214-020-2546-7 · Cited by 459
An Introduction to Density Functional Theory
Bartolotti, L. J., & Flurchick, K. (1996) · Reviews in Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/9780470125847.ch4 · Cited by 259
Metadata
- Authors
- Berkowitz, M., & Parr, R. G.
- Venue
- The Journal of Chemical Physics
- Publisher
- AIP Publishing
- Published
- 1988-02-15
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2554-2557
- ISSN
- 0021-9606 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-7690
- OpenAlex
- W2063152281
- Cited by
- 435
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 5.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Molecular hardness and softness, local hardness and softness, hardness and softness kernels, and relations among these quantities. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1063/1.454034
- The paper
- Berkowitz, M., & Parr, R. G. (1988). Molecular hardness and softness, local hardness and softness, hardness and softness kernels, and relations among these quantities. The Journal of Chemical Physics. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.454034
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
