CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 8Skin Protection and AgingSeaweed-derived Bioactive Compoundsmelanin and skin pigmentation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The effect of adding microalgae extract Spirulina platensis containing flavonoid in the formation of Sunscreen towards cream stability and SPF values

Dianursanti, Prakasa, M. B., Nugroho, P.·2020·AIP Conference Proceedings
DOI 10.1063/5.0015249
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The use of sunscreen is a way to protect the skin from the danger of UV exposure. Nowadays, there are a lot of sunscreens based on chemical (synthetic organic) on the market, such as ovobenzone, oxybenzone, otisalate which have proved as toxic chemicals for the skin. The researches related to the use of natural ingredients as active agent for sunscreen are continuously increasing, one of them is the microalgae. Microalgae Spirulina plantesis is cyanobateria which has naturally absorbed UV compounds in its cells, namely flavonoid. Flavonoid has the potential to be used as active sunscreen's ingredient because of its ability to absorb maximum wavelength in the range of UV rays, as well as increase the SPF value. In this research, flavonoid is varied in the range of 1-10% w/w and the ratio of olive oil:candelilla wax were varied, which were 10:1 and 5:1 with the composition's range of wax is 35-40% w/w to obtain both optimal cream stability and SPF values from sunscreen cream preparations. The results show that the total flavonoid compound in the dried and fresh basis sample of microalgae were 22.10 mg/g extract and 10.91 mg/g extract respectively. The best composition of sunscreen on this research was sunscreen with 7% (w/w) microalgae extract and the ratio between olive oil : candelilla wax was 35:7, because this formulation gives good SPF value (29.06) which is categorized as ultra-SPF and has the good stability score (17.33 from 20). Therefore, the sunscreen from microalgae extract which contains flavonoid are safe to use, because the total microbes were still below the required total microbial of SNI and did not irritate the skin.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1063/5.0015249

Cites

5 of 5 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 5 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. R.F. Sari, “Kajian Potensi Senyawa Bioaktif Spirulina platensis sebagai Antioksidan” (thesis, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, UNDIP, Semarang, 2011).
  2. C. Zarrouk, “Contribution a l’etude d’une cyanobacterie: influence de divers facteurs physiques et chimiques sur la croissance et la photosynthese de Spirulina maxima (Setchell et Gardner) Geitler”. (PhD thesis, University of Paris, France, 1966).
  3. R.N. Reeves. “Environmental Analysis”, (New York: John Wiley, 1994)
  4. H.H Orak, “Total Antioxidant Activities, Phenolics, Anthocyanins, Polyphenoloxidase Activities In Red Grape Varieties”, (Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural University Food Science and Technology, Volume 9, 2006), Issue–118

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 8

Related

Metadata

Authors
Dianursanti, Prakasa, M. B., & Nugroho, P.
Affiliations
University of Indonesia (ID)
Corresponding author
Dianursanti
Venue
AIP Conference Proceedings
Publisher
AIP Publishing
Published
2020
Volume
2259
Pages
040022
ISSN
0094-243X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1063/5.0015249
OpenAlex
W3083104684
Cited by
8
References
5
Citations by year
2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3
FWCI
4.33
Type
conference paper
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
AIP conference proceedings (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
Keywords
sunscreen, Spirulina platensis, microalgae extracts, flavonoids, sun protection factor, cream stability, olive oil, candelilla wax, natural sunscreen ingredients, UV protection, microbial contamination, skin irritation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review