The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
House dust mite and cockroach exposure are strong risk factors for positive allergy skin test responses in the Childhood Asthma Management Program
Open accessAbstract
Background Children with asthma have a high prevalence of environmental allergies, especially to indoor allergens. The relationships of exposure to indoor allergens (dust mites, cat, dog, cockroach, and molds) and other host factors to allergy sensitization have not been evaluated simultaneously in a large cohort.Objectives We studied 1041 children aged 5 to 12 years with mild-to-moderate asthma to determine risk factors associated with having positive allergy skin test responses to indoor allergens. Also, we described, compared, and contrasted 6 allergens in the home environments of these children from 8 North American cities.Methods Data were used from baseline visits of the Childhood Asthma Management Program. Patients' sensitivities to house dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), cats, dogs, cockroaches, and molds were examined for relationships to demographic variables, home dust allergen exposures, number of other positive allergy skin test responses, total serum IgE levels, and smoking in the home.Results San Diego (78.5%) and Toronto (59.3%) had the topmost percentages of homes with moderate-to-high house dust mite levels. Boston (21.5%), St Louis (16.3%), and Baltimore (13.4%) had the highest percentages of homes with detectable levels of cockroach allergen. For house dust mites, the higher the level of allergen exposure, the more likely patients were to have positive allergy skin test responses, with relative odds of 9.0 (95% confidence interval, 5.4-15.1) for those exposed to high mite levels (>10.0 microg/g dust) relative to those unexposed. Even exposure to low levels of mite allergen (0.020-2.0 microg/g) was found to be a significant risk factor for sensitization. For cockroach allergen, those with detectable home exposure were more likely to have positive skin test responses (relative odds, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-3.8) than those with undetectable exposure. In contrast, levels of exposure to cat, dog, and mold allergens were not related to sensitization rates. For cat allergen, this may reflect lower rates of cat ownership among highly sensitized subjects. Furthermore, the number of allergy skin test responses that were positive, excluding the test for the outcome of interest for each model, and total serum IgE levels were strong independent predictors of sensitization.Conclusions Levels of exposure determined by house dust analysis are important determinants of sensitization for dust mite and cockroach allergen. This relationship was not demonstrable for cat, dog, or mold allergens, possibly because of confounding factors. For all allergens studied, the degree of atopy, determined by the total number of positive skin test responses or by total serum IgE levels, is an important contributing risk factor for sensitization.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Dust mite allergens are found in fecal particles measuring 10–40 microns and are present in high concentrations within settled dust (48).”
From Indoor Allergen Interventions in Homes and Schools for Managing Asthma (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p 1) and D. farinae (Der f 1) are the most significant dust mite species affecting individuals worldwide (33,48).”
From Indoor Allergen Interventions in Homes and Schools for Managing Asthma (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Their primary reservoirs within homes include mattresses, pillows, upholstered furniture, carpets, and stuffed toys (48).”
From Indoor Allergen Interventions in Homes and Schools for Managing Asthma (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Changes in the normal maximal expiratory flow-volume curve with growth and aging.
Knudson, R. J., Lebowitz, M. D., Holberg, C. J., & Burrows, B. A. (1983) · PubMed · doi:10.1164/arrd.1983.127.6.725 · Cited by 1,913
Sporik, R., Holgate, S. T., Platts-Mills, T. A. E., & Cogswell, J. J. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199008233230802 · Cited by 1,648
Rosenstreich, D. L., Eggleston, P., Kattan, M., Baker, D., Slavin, R. G., Gergen, P., Mitchell, H., McNiff-Mortimer, K., Lynn, H., Ownby, D., et al. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199705083361904 · Cited by 1,380
Self-citationManual of Clinical Laboratory Immunology
Rose, N. R., Hamilton, R. G., & Detrick, B. (1992) · Cited by 1,253
Self-citationIndoor allergens and asthma:Report of the Third International Workshop
Platts‐Mills, T. A. E., VERVLOET, D., Thomas, W. R., Aalberse, R. C., & Chapman, M. D. (1997) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(97)70292-6 · Cited by 723
Indoor allergen exposure is a risk factor for sensitization during the first three years of life
Wahn, U., Lau, S., Bergmann, R. L., Kulig, M., Forster, J., Bergmann, K., Bauer, C.-P., & Guggenmoos-Holzmann, I. (1997) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(97)80009-7 · Cited by 522
House Dust Mite Allergens. A Major Risk Factor for Childhood Asthma in Australia
Peat, J. K., Tovey, E. R., Toelle, B. G., Haby, M. M., Gray, E. J., Mahmic, A., & Woolcock, A. J. (1996) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.153.1.8542107 · Cited by 489
High mite-allergen exposure increases the risk of sensitization in atopic children and young adults
Lau, S., Falkenhorst, G., Weber, A., Werthmann, I., Lind, P., Buettner-Goetz, P., & Wahn, U. (1989) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/0091-6749(89)90300-x · Cited by 375
Relationship of indoor allergen exposure to skin test sensitivity in inner-city children with asthma
Eggleston, P. A., Rosenstreich, D., Lynn, H., Gergen, P., Baker, D., Kattan, M., Mortimer, K. M., Mitchell, H., Ownby, D., Slavin, R., et al. (1998) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(98)70272-6 · Cited by 331
Self-citationIngram, J. M., Sporik, R. B., Rose, G., Honsinger, R. W., Chapman, M. D., & Platts‐Mills, T. A. E. (1995) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(95)70286-5 · Cited by 308
Sarpong, S. B., Hamilton, R. G., Eggleston, P. A., & Adkinson, N. F. (1996) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(96)70209-9 · Cited by 299
Self-citationAge-related serum immunoglobulin E levels in healthy subjects and in patients with allergic disease
Wittig, H. J., Belloit, J. D., Fillippi, I. D., & Royal, G. (1980) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/0091-6749(80)90026-3 · Cited by 273
Peat, J. K., Tovey, E. R., Mellis, C. M., Leeder, S., & Woolcock, A. J. (1993) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00258.x · Cited by 266
Sporik, R. B., Ingram, J. M., Price, W., SUSSMAN, J. S., Honsinger, R. W., & Platts‐Mills, T. A. E. (1995) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.5.7735590 · Cited by 249
Almqvist, C., Larsson, P. H., Egmar, A.-C., Hedrén, M., Malmberg, P., & Wickman, M. (1999) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(99)70172-7 · Cited by 238
Mite allergen exposure is a risk for the incidence of specific sensitization
Kuehr, J., Frischer, T., Meinert, R., Barth, R., Förster, J., Schrauba, S., Urbanek, R., & Karmaus, W. J. J. (1994) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/0091-6749(94)90070-1 · Cited by 230
Munir, A. K. M., EINARSSON, R., Schou, C., & Dreborg, S. K. G. (1993) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/0091-6749(93)90221-z · Cited by 225
Charpin, D., Birnbaum, J., Haddi, E., Genard, G., Lanteaume, A., Toumi, M., Faraj, F., van der Brempt, X., & VERVLOET, D. (1991) · American Review of Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1164/ajrccm/143.5_pt_1.983 · Cited by 213
Infant feeding, wheezing, and allergy: a prospective study.
Burr, M. L., Limb, E. S., MAGUIRE, M. J., Amarah, L., Eldridge, B. A., Layzell, J., & MERRETT, T. G. (1993) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.68.6.724 · Cited by 187
Asthma and Indoor Exposure to Allergens
Platts‐Mills, T. A. E., & Carter, M. C. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199705083361909 · Cited by 150
Measurement of airborne mite antigen in homes of asthmatic children
Price, J. A., Pollock, I., Little, S. A., Longbottom, J. L., & Warner, J. O. (1990) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)92268-m · Cited by 140
Warner, J. A., Little, S. A., Pollock, I., Longbottom, J. L., & Warner, J. O. (1990) · Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00015.x · Cited by 133
Mite and Cat Allergen Levels in Homes and Severity of Asthma
Chan‐Yeung, M., Manfreda, J., Dimich‐Ward, H., Lam, J., Ferguson, A. C., Warren, P., Simons, E. R., Broder, I., Chapman, M. D., & Platts‐Mills, T. A. E. (1995) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.6.8520740 · Cited by 102
Immediate skin test reactivity to Food and Drug Administration-approved standardized extracts
Adinoff, A., Rosloniec, D. M., McCall, L. L., & Nelson, H. S. (1990) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(05)80181-2 · Cited by 64
Spirometric Prediction Equations for Hispanic Children and Adults in New Mexico
Coultas, D., Howard, C. A., SKIPPER, B. J., & Samet, J. M. (1988) · American Review of Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1164/ajrccm/138.6.1386 · Cited by 56
Christiansen, S. C., Martin, S. B., Schleicher, N. C., Koziol, J. A., Hamilton, R. G., & Zuraw, B. L. (1996) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(96)70152-5 · Cited by 51
Self-citationBacker, V., Ulrik, C. S., Wendelboe, D., Bach‐Mortensen, N., Hansen, K. K., Laursen, E. M., & Dirksen, A. (1992) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00669.x · Cited by 44
Ownby, D. R., Anderson, J. A., Jacobs, G., & Homburger, H. A. (1984) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/0091-6749(84)90356-7 · Cited by 37
Immunochemical and molecular methods for defining and measuring indoor allergens: in dust and air
Chapman, M. D., Smith, A. M., Slunt, J. B., Vailes, L., & Arruda, L. (1995) · Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1399-3038.1995.tb00378.x · Cited by 18
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 30 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- [15]15. Childhood Asthma Management Program Research Group. The Child- hood Asthma Management Program (CAMP): design, rationale, and methods. Control Clin Trials 1999;20:91-120.
- [16]16. Chapman MD, Smith AM, Slunt JB, Vailes LD, Arruda LK. Immuno- chemical and molecular method for defining and measuring indoor aller- gens: in dust and air. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1995;6:8-12.
- [17]17. Hamilton RG, Chapman MD, Platts-Mills TAE, Adkinson NF Jr. House dust aeroallergen measurements in clinical practice: a guide to allergen free home and work environments. Immunol Allergy Prac 1992;14:96-112.
- [21]21. SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT user's guide, version 6.12. Fourth ed. Vol. 1-2. Cary (NC): SAS Institute, Inc; 1989.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Expert Panel Report 2: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma
Program, P., & theDiagnosis, T. E. P. O. (1997) · Cited by 4,082
Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma
Bousquet, J., van Cauwenberge, P., & Khaltaev, N. (2001) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1067/mai.2001.118891 · Cited by 3,588
Guttman‐Yassky, E., Bissonnette, R., Ungar, B., Suárez‐Fariñas, M., Ardeleanu, M., Esaki, H., Suprun, M., Estrada, Y. D., Xu, H., Peng, X., et al. (2018) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2018.08.022 · Cited by 715
Brauer, M. D., Hoek, G., van Vliet, P., Meliefste, K., Fischer, P. H., Wijga, A. H., Koopman, L. P., Neijens, H. J., Gerritsen, J., Kerkhof, M., et al. (2002) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200108-007oc · Cited by 674
Asthma: epidemiology, etiology and risk factors
Subbarao, P., Mandhane, P. J., & Sears, M. R. (2009) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.080612 · Cited by 577
Metadata
- Authors
- Huss, K., Adkinson, N. F., Eggleston, P. A., Dawson, C., Van Natta, M. L., & Hamilton, R. G.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- ORCID
- Hamilton, Robert G.
- Venue
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 48-54
- ISSN
- 0091-6749 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2082906220
- Cited by
- 315
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 8.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Keywords
- house dust mite allergy, cockroach allergens, indoor allergens, allergen sensitization, childhood asthma, Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, cat allergen, dog allergen, mold allergens, serum IgE, household smoking, risk factors, Childhood Asthma Management Program, cross-reactivity
- MeSH terms
- Allergens, Animals, Asthma, Cats, Child, Child, Preschool, Cockroaches, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dogs, Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic, Dust, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Immediate, Immunoglobulin E, Male, Mites, Risk Factors, Skin Tests, Air Pollution, Indoor
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
