Violation of CP in variance, C asymmetry, and baryon asymmetry of the universe

Abstract

This form of notation is connected with the quark concept; we ascribe to the/?, n, and Л quarks n c = + I, and to antiquarks, и,. = — 1. The theory proposes that under laboratory conditions processes involving violation of п в and и д play a negligible role, but they were very important during the earlier stage of the expansion of the universe. We assume that the universe is neutral with respect to the conserved charges (lepton, electric, and combined), but С asymmetrical during the given instant of its development (the positive lepton charge is concentrated in the electrons and the negative lepton charge in the excess of antineutrinos over the neutrinos; the positive electric charge is concentrated in the protons and the negative in the electrons; the positive combined charge is concentrated in the baryons, and the negative in the excess of fi neutrinos over/z antineutrinos). According to our hypothesis, the occurrence of С asymmetry is the consequence of violation of CP in variance in the nonstationary expansion of the hot universe during the superdense stage, as manifest in the difference between the partial probabilities of the charge-conjugate reactions. This effect has not yet been observed experimentally, but its existence is theoretically undisputed (the first concrete example, I, + and 2 _ decay, was pointed out by S. Okubo as early as 1958) and should, in our opinion, have much cosmological significance. We assume that the asymmetry has occurred in an earlier stage of the expansion, in which the particle, energy, and entropy densities, the Hubble constant, and the temperatures were of the order of unity in gravitational units (in conventional units the particle and energy densities were n~ 10