Distribution, Population Trends and Factors Influencing the Population Size of Little Penguins Eudyptula minor on Phillip Island, Victoria
Abstract
SummaryThe distribution of breeding colonies of Little Penguins Eudyptula minor on Phillip Island has diminished substantially in the past 90 years and breeding birds are now virtually restricted to the Summerland Peninsula. Declines were found in the numbers crossing Summerland Beach between 1977 and 1988, the number of birds breeding in the principal study area on the eastern boundary of the colony between 1968 and 1988 and the number of active burrows counted in the Parade area between 1980 and 1987. The extent of philopatry, emigration and immigration, changes in breeding success and survival of immatures and adults were investigated as possible factors reducing population size. The relative importance of adult and immature mortalities and breeding productivity to population levels was estimated and adult mortality was found to be far more significant. It is suggested that most immature and adult Little Penguins die at sea. Causes of mortality at sea and on land are reviewed together with population trends of this species elsewhere and compared to those of other species of temperate penguins.
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Good vision aids in predator avoidance, especially for little penguins, which have terrestrial, aerial, and aquatic predators.
“Good vision aids in the avoidance of predators especially for little penguins who have terrestrial, aerial and aquatic predators [16,17,18,19].”
From Effect of Covering a Visitor Viewing Area Window on the Behaviour of Zoo-Housed Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor) (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
Good vision is important for all penguin species as they are visual predators that rely on vision to find and catch prey underwater and avoid predators.
“Good vision is important for all penguin species as they are visual predators that rely on their vision to find and catch prey underwater and avoid predators [16,17,18,19,20,21].”
From Effect of Covering a Visitor Viewing Area Window on the Behaviour of Zoo-Housed Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor) (2020) · cites this paper as [16]
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References 28 · Cited by 118
- Authors
- Dann, P.
- Affiliations
- Penguin Reserve Committee of Management, P.O. Box 403, Cowes, Phillip Island, Vic. 3922
- Corresponding author
- Dann, Peter
- ORCID
- Dann, Peter
- Venue
- Emu - Austral Ornithology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1991-12
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 263-272
- ISSN
- 0158-4197 (ISSN-L)
- 1448-5540
- OpenAlex
- W2317518948
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Emu - Austral Ornithology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Marine animal studies overview
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Keywords
- little penguin, Eudyptula minor, population decline (ecology), philopatry, emigration and immigration, breeding success, adult mortality, immature mortality, burrow counts, Phillip Island
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