The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Differential effects of prostaglandin derived from ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on COX-2 expression and IL-6 secretion
Open accessAbstract
Omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), abundant in the Western diet, are precursors for a number of key mediators of inflammation including the 2-series of prostaglandins (PG). PGE 2 , a cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolite of arachidonic acid, a ω-6 PUFA, is a potent mediator of inflammation and cell proliferation. Dietary supplements rich in ω-3 PUFA reduce the concentrations of 2-series PG and increase the synthesis of 3-series PG (e.g., PGE 3 ), which are believed to be less inflammatory. However, studies on cellular consequences of increases in 3-series PG in comparison to 2-series PG have not been reported. In this study, we compared the effects of PGE 2 and PGE 3 on ( i ) cell proliferation in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, ( ii ) expression and transcriptional regulation of the COX-2 gene in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, and ( iii ) the production of an inflammatory cytokine, IL-6, in RAW 264.7 macrophages. PGE 3 , unlike PGE 2 , is not mitogenic to NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. PGE 2 and PGE 3 both induce COX-2 mRNA via similar signaling mechanisms; however, compared with PGE 2 , PGE 3 is significantly less efficient in inducing COX-2 gene expression. Furthermore, although both PGE 2 and PGE 3 induce IL-6 synthesis in RAW 264.7 macrophages, PGE 3 is substantially less efficient compared with PGE 2 . We further show that increasing the ω-3 content of membrane phospholipid results in a decrease in mitogen-induced PGE 2 synthesis. Taken together, our data suggest that successful replacement of ω-6 PUFA with ω-3 PUFA in cell membranes can result in a decreased cellular response to mitogenic and inflammatory stimuli.
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Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human colon cancer cells increases metastatic potential
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Importance of n−3 fatty acids in health and disease
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Mixed messages: modulation of inflammation and immune responses by prostaglandins and thromboxanes
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Mixed messages: modulation of inflammation and immune responses by prostaglandins and thromboxanes
Tilley, S. L., Coffman, T. M., & Koller, B. H. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci13416 · Cited by 725
Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is up-regulated in human pancreatic cancer.
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Expression of Cyclooxygenase-1 and Cyclooxygenase-2 in Human Breast Cancer
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Acceleration of intestinal polyposis through prostaglandin receptor EP2 in ApcΔ716 knockout mice
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Over-expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human prostate adenocarcinoma
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Cited by
n−3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases
Calder, P. C. (2006) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1505s · Cited by 2,525
Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: effects, mechanisms and clinical relevance
Calder, P. C. (2015) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.010 · Cited by 1,717
The Opposing Effects of N-3 and n-6 Fatty Acids
Schmitz, G., & Ecker, J. (2008) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2007.12.004 · Cited by 1,245
Bovine milk in human nutrition – a review
Haug, A., Høstmark, A. T., & Harstad, O. M. (2007) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-6-25 · Cited by 1,159
Wall, R., Ross, R. P., Fitzgerald, G. F., & Stanton, C. (2010) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00287.x · Cited by 1,101
Metadata
- Authors
- Bagga, D., Wang, L., Farias-Eisner, R., Glaspy, J. A., & Reddy, S. T.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2003-02-10
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1751-1756
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2053388585
- Cited by
- 638
- References
- 36
- FWCI
- 15.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Bagga, D., Wang, L., Farias-Eisner, R., Glaspy, J. A., & Reddy, S. T. (2003). Differential effects of prostaglandin derived from ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on COX-2 expression and IL-6 secretion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0334211100
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