Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 450

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Early expression of antiinsulin autoantibodies of humans and the NOD mouse: Evidence for early determination of subsequent diabetes

Open access
Yu, Liping, Robles, David T., Abiru, Norio, Kaur, Paramjit, Rewers, Marian, Kelemen, Katalin, Eisenbarth, George S.·2000·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

With the development of an insulin autoantibody (IAA) assay performed in 96-well filtration plates, we have evaluated prospectively the development of IAA in NOD mice (from 4 weeks of age) and children (from 7 to 10 months of age) at genetic risk for the development of type 1 diabetes. NOD mice had heterogeneous expression of IAA despite being inbred. IAA reached a peak between 8 and 16 weeks and then declined. IAA expression by NOD mice at 8 weeks of age was strongly associated with early development of diabetes, which occurred at 16–18 weeks of age (NOD mice IAA+at 8 weeks: 83% (5/6) diabetic by 18 weeks versus 11% (1/9) of IAA negative at 8 weeks;P< .01). In man, IAA was frequently present as early as 9 months of age, the first sampling time. Of five children found to have persistent IAA before 1 year of age, four have progressed to diabetes (all before 3.5 years of age) and the fifth is currently less than age 2. Of the 929 children not expressing persistent IAA before age 1, only one has progressed to diabetes to date (age onset 3), and this child expressed IAA at his second visit (age 1.1). In new onset patients, the highest levels of IAA correlated with an earlier age of diabetes onset. Our data suggest that the program for developing diabetes of NOD mice and humans is relatively “fixed” early in life and, for NOD mice, a high risk of early development of diabetes is often determined by 8 weeks of age. With such early determination of high risk of progression to diabetes, immunologic therapies in humans may need to be tested in children before the development of IAA for maximal efficacy.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.040556697

Cites

27 of 27 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 27 references

Cited by

See all 450

Metadata

Authors
Yu, L., Robles, D. T., Abiru, N., Kaur, P., Rewers, M., Kelemen, K., & Eisenbarth, G. S.
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2000-02-04
Volume
97
Issue
4
Pages
1701-1706
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W2084710830
Cited by
450
References
27
FWCI
16.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Early expression of antiinsulin autoantibodies of humans and the NOD mouse: Evidence for early determination of subsequent diabetes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.040556697
The paper
Yu, L., Robles, D. T., Abiru, N., Kaur, P., Rewers, M., Kelemen, K., & Eisenbarth, G. S. (2000). Early expression of antiinsulin autoantibodies of humans and the NOD mouse: Evidence for early determination of subsequent diabetes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.040556697

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.