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Distinct basal ganglia territories are engaged in early and advanced motor sequence learning
Open accessAbstract
In this study, we used functional MRI (fMRI) at high field (3T) to track the time course of activation in the entire basal ganglia circuitry, as well as other motor-related structures, during the explicit learning of a sequence of finger movements over a month of training. Fourteen right-handed healthy volunteers had to practice 15 min daily a sequence of eight moves using the left hand. MRI sessions were performed on days 1, 14 and 28. In both putamen, activation decreased with practice in rostrodorsal (associative) regions. In contrast, there was a significant signal increase in more caudoventral (sensorimotor) regions of the putamen. Subsequent correlation analyses between signal variations and behavioral variables showed that the error rate (movement accuracy) was positively correlated with signal changes in areas activated during early learning, whereas reaction time (movement speed) was negatively correlated with signal changes in areas activated during advanced learning stages, including the sensorimotor putamen and globus pallidus. These results suggest the possibility that motor representations shift from the associative to the sensorimotor territories of the striato-pallidal complex during the explicit learning of motor sequences, suggesting that motor skills are stored in the sensorimotor territory of the basal ganglia that supports a speedy performance.
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“Several fMRI experiments subsequently reported a similar finding – that is, that activation in the associative striatum decreases with training [15–17].”
From Cortical and basal ganglia contributions to habit learning and automaticity (2010) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Several studies have reported that the associative striatum is active during initial skill acquisition and that its activity decreases with extended training.”
From Cortical and basal ganglia contributions to habit learning and automaticity (2010) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“On the other hand, there is evidence that the response of the sensorimotor striatum to extended training may depend on the type of task that is used.”
From Cortical and basal ganglia contributions to habit learning and automaticity (2010) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“In tasks that require subjects to learn a sequence of motor responses (e.g., button presses), a variety of fMRI studies have reported that sensorimotor striatal activation increases with extended training [15–17].”
From Cortical and basal ganglia contributions to habit learning and automaticity (2010) · cites this paper as [15]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lehéricy, S., Benali, H., Van de Moortele, P.-F., Pélégrini-Issac, M., Waechter, T., Ugurbil, K., & Doyon, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research/Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 678, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/University of Paris 6, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France; Brain Sciences Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417; and Department of Psychology, Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2005-08-17
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 35
- Pages
- 12566-12571
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC1194910
- OpenAlex
- W2017072258
- Semantic Scholar
- 76106906d8471ccfbde0bf91d6be8f4aade5ffb6
- Cited by
- 634
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 6.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB000331)
- National Center for Research Resources (P41RR008079)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- basal ganglia, motor sequence learning, putamen, globus pallidus, finger movement, motor skill learning, practice effects, movement accuracy, reaction time, motor representations
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, Female, Fingers, Humans, Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motor Cortex, Movement
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