Ancient mitochondrial M haplogroups identified in the Southwest Pacific
Open accessAbstract
Based on whole mtDNA sequencing of 14 samples from Northern Island Melanesia, we characterize three formerly unresolved branches of macrohaplogroup M that we call haplogroups M27, M28, and M29. Our 1,399 mtDNA control region sequences and a literature search indicate these haplogroups have extremely limited geographical distributions. Their coding region variation suggests diversification times older than the estimated date for the initial settlement of Northern Island Melanesia. This finding indicates that they were among the earliest mtDNA variants to appear in these islands or in the ancient continent of Sahul. These haplogroups from Northern Island Melanesia extend the existing schema for macrohaplogroup M, with many independent branches distributed across Asia, East Africa, Australia, and Near Oceania.
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Four Polynesian mtDNA haplogroups have a probable Melanesian origin: P1, Q1, Q2, and M28.
“In addition, 4 Polynesian mtDNA haplogroups have a probable Melanesian origin: P1, Q1, Q2 (Friedlaender et al. 2005), and M28 (Merriwether et al. 2005)”
From Melanesian and Asian origins of Polynesians: MtDNA and Y chromosome gradients across the Pacific (2006) · cites this paper as Merriwether et al. 2005
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Did Early Humans Go North or South?
Forster, P., & Matsumura, S. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1113261 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
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Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation
van Oven, M., & Kayser, M. (2009) · Human Mutation · doi:10.1002/humu.20921 · Cited by 1,810 · see citing works
Melanesian and Asian origins of Polynesians: MtDNA and Y chromosome gradients across the Pacific
Kayser, M., Brauer, S., Cordaux, R., Casto, A., Lao, O., Zhivotovsky, L. A., Moyse-Faurie, C., Rutledge, R. B., Schiefenhoevel, W., Gil, D., et al. (2006) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msl093 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Population Genetic Structure and Origins of Native Hawaiians in the Multiethnic Cohort Study
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- Authors
- Merriwether, D. A., Hodgson, J. A., Friedlaender, F. R., Allaby, R., Cerchio, S., Koki, G., & Friedlaender, J. S.
- Affiliations
- Binghamton University (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2005-09-06
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 37
- Pages
- 13034-13039
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC1201611
- OpenAlex
- W2138817527
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 6.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2005-11-15)
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Social Sciences › Geography, Planning and Development › Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Keywords
- mitochondrial DNA, Southwest Pacific, Sahul, mitochondrial DNA control region, human migration
- MeSH terms
- Base Sequence, DNA, Mitochondrial, Haplotypes, Humans, Melanesia, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Genetic Variation, Ancient Lands, Locus Control Region, History, Ancient
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