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Metal stocks and sustainability
Open accessAbstract
The relative proportions of metal residing in ore in the lithosphere, in use in products providing services, and in waste deposits measure our progress from exclusive use of virgin ore toward full dependence on sustained use of recycled metal. In the U.S. at present, the copper contents of these three repositories are roughly equivalent, but metal in service continues to increase. Providing today's developed-country level of services for copper worldwide (as well as for zinc and, perhaps, platinum) would appear to require conversion of essentially all of the ore in the lithosphere to stock-in-use plus near-complete recycling of the metals from that point forward.
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Citations
Cited by
Xiao, Z., Huang, Y.-C., Dong, C.-L., Xie, C., Liu, Z., Du, S., Chen, W., Yan, D., Tao, L., Shu, Z., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.0c00257 · Cited by 1,445
Hertwich, E. G., Gibon, T., Bouman, E. A., Arvesen, A., Suh, S., Heath, G. A., Bergesen, J. D., Ramirez, A., Vega, M. I., & Shi, L. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1312753111 · Cited by 759
Tang, H., Dou, K., Kaun, C.-C., Kuang, Q., & Yang, S. (2014) · J. Mater. Chem. A · doi:10.1039/c3ta13584e · Cited by 607
Resource depletion, peak minerals and the implications for sustainable resource management
Prior, T., Giurco, D., Mudd, G., Mason, L., & Behrisch, J. (2012) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.08.009 · Cited by 441
Decreasing ore grades in global metallic mining: a theoretical issue or a global reality?
Calvo, G., Mudd, G., Valero, A., & Valero, A. (2016) · Resources · doi:10.3390/resources5040036 · Cited by 352
Metadata
- Authors
- Gordon, R. B., Bertram, M., & Graedel, T. E.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2006-01-23
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1209-1214
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2117765568
- Cited by
- 595
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 25.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
