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A dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate autotrophic carbon assimilation cycle in the hyperthermophilic Archaeum Ignicoccus hospitalis
Open accessAbstract
Ignicoccus hospitalis is an anaerobic, autotrophic, hyperthermophilic Archaeum that serves as a host for the symbiotic/parasitic Archaeum Nanoarchaeum equitans . It uses a yet unsolved autotrophic CO 2 fixation pathway that starts from acetyl-CoA (CoA), which is reductively carboxylated to pyruvate. Pyruvate is converted to phosphoenol-pyruvate (PEP), from which glucogenesis as well as oxaloacetate formation branch off. Here, we present the complete metabolic cycle by which the primary CO 2 acceptor molecule acetyl-CoA is regenerated. Oxaloacetate is reduced to succinyl-CoA by an incomplete reductive citric acid cycle lacking 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase or synthase. Succinyl-CoA is reduced to 4-hydroxybutyrate, which is then activated to the CoA thioester. By using the radical enzyme 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase, 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA is dehydrated to crotonyl-CoA. Finally, β-oxidation of crotonyl-CoA leads to two molecules of acetyl-CoA. Thus, the cyclic pathway forms an extra molecule of acetyl-CoA, with pyruvate synthase and PEP carboxylase as the carboxylating enzymes. The proposal is based on in vitro transformation of 4-hydroxybutyrate, detection of all enzyme activities, and in vivo -labeling experiments using [1- 14 C]4-hydroxybutyrate, [1,4- 13 C 2 ], [U- 13 C 4 ]succinate, or [1- 13 C]pyruvate as tracers. The pathway is termed the dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle. It combines anaerobic metabolic modules to a straightforward and efficient CO 2 fixation mechanism.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Huber, H., Gallenberger, M., Jahn, U., Eylert, E., Berg, I. A., Kockelkorn, D., Eisenreich, W., & Fuchs, G.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2008-06-03
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 7851-7856
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W1965663218
- Cited by
- 335
- References
- 32
- FWCI
- 8.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Huber, H., Gallenberger, M., Jahn, U., Eylert, E., Berg, I. A., Kockelkorn, D., Eisenreich, W., & Fuchs, G. (2008). A dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate autotrophic carbon assimilation cycle in the hyperthermophilic Archaeum Ignicoccus hospitalis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801043105
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