Cited by 194Plant Molecular Biology ResearchPlant Genetic and Mutation StudiesGenetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals

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The homeotic gene long sterile lemma ( G1 ) specifies sterile lemma identity in the rice spikelet

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Yoshida, Akiko, Suzaki, Takuya, Tanaka, Wakana, Hirano, Hiro-Yuki·2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.0907896106PMC PMC2775035

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Abstract

The mechanism of floral organ specification is principally conserved in angiosperms, as demonstrated by the ABC model. By contrast, mechanisms that regulate the development of organs or structures specific to a group of species remain unclear. Grasses have unique inflorescence units, comprising spikelets and florets. In the genus Oryza (rice), the single spikelet consists of a fertile floret subtended by a lemma and a palea, two sterile lemmas, and rudimentary glumes. Each sterile lemma is a tiny glume-like organ with a smooth surface. Here, we have examined a long sterile lemma1 ( g1 ) mutant, in which the sterile lemma is enlarged like the lemma. Detailed phenotypic analysis reveals that the large sterile lemma in the g1 mutant appears to be caused by homeotic transformation of the sterile lemma into a lemma, suggesting that G1 is involved in the repression of lemma identity to specify the sterile lemma. Gene isolation reveals that G1 is a member of a plant-specific gene family that encodes proteins with a previously uncharacterized domain, named here ALOG ( Arabidopsis LSH1 and Oryza G1 ). G1 mRNA is expressed in sterile lemma primordia throughout their development, and G1 protein is localized in the nucleus. A trans-activation assay using the yeast GAL4 system suggests that G1 is involved in transcriptional regulation. Repression of lemma identity by G1 is consistent with a hypothesis proposed to explain the morphological evolution of rice spikelets. We also show that a wild rice species, Oryza grandiglumis , that forms large sterile lemmas has serious mutations in the G1 gene.

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Additional file 7 of Analysis of co-expression and gene regulatory networks associated with sterile lemma development in rice
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Zheng, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26559437
Additional file 10 of Analysis of co-expression and gene regulatory networks associated with sterile lemma development in rice
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Zheng, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26559446
Additional file 2 of Analysis of co-expression and gene regulatory networks associated with sterile lemma development in rice
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Zheng, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26559422
Additional file 2 of Cloning of long sterile lemma (lsl2), a single recessive gene that regulates spike germination in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Yang, D., He, N., Zheng, X., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13467327
Additional file 5 of Analysis of co-expression and gene regulatory networks associated with sterile lemma development in rice
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Zheng, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26559431
Additional file 3 of Analysis of co-expression and gene regulatory networks associated with sterile lemma development in rice
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Zheng, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26559425
Additional file 13 of Analysis of co-expression and gene regulatory networks associated with sterile lemma development in rice
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Zheng, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26559455
Additional file 6 of Analysis of co-expression and gene regulatory networks associated with sterile lemma development in rice
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Zheng, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26559434
Additional file 12 of Analysis of co-expression and gene regulatory networks associated with sterile lemma development in rice
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Zheng, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26559452
Additional file 15 of Analysis of co-expression and gene regulatory networks associated with sterile lemma development in rice
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Zheng, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26559461
Additional file 8 of Analysis of co-expression and gene regulatory networks associated with sterile lemma development in rice
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Zheng, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26559440
Additional file 14 of Analysis of co-expression and gene regulatory networks associated with sterile lemma development in rice
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Zheng, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26559458
Additional file 1 of Ectopic expression of Jatropha curcas JcTAW1 improves the vegetative growth, yield, and drought resistance of tobacco
Peng, Q., Liu, C., Zou, Z., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22609621
Additional file 8 of Heterotypic transcriptional condensates formed by prion-like paralogous proteins canalize flowering transition in tomato
Huang, X., Xiao, N., Zou, Y., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19359573
Additional file 16 of Analysis of co-expression and gene regulatory networks associated with sterile lemma development in rice
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Zheng, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26559464
Additional file 1 of Cloning of long sterile lemma (lsl2), a single recessive gene that regulates spike germination in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Yang, D., He, N., Zheng, X., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13467323
Additional file 9 of Analysis of co-expression and gene regulatory networks associated with sterile lemma development in rice
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Zheng, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26559443
Additional file 1 of Heterotypic transcriptional condensates formed by prion-like paralogous proteins canalize flowering transition in tomato
Huang, X., Xiao, N., Zou, Y., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19359570
Additional file 4 of Analysis of co-expression and gene regulatory networks associated with sterile lemma development in rice
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Zheng, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26559428
Additional file 11 of Analysis of co-expression and gene regulatory networks associated with sterile lemma development in rice
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Zheng, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26559449
Additional file 1 of Analysis of co-expression and gene regulatory networks associated with sterile lemma development in rice
Luo, X., Wei, Y., Zheng, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26559419
Genome-wide analysis of LSH genes reveals evolutionary patterns in Rosaceae and a positive role for MdLSH10b in adventitious root formation
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Liu, S. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/2f5b8228zda99z4b3fza028zef4d9f2f1e95
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Rieu, P. (2023) · doi:10.70675/157fc335zd118z47adz806cz8f4abaf4c07c
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Ohyama, A., Toriba, T., Sato, M., Tsuji, H., & Tanaka, W. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.05.19.726093
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Authors: Yoshida, A., Suzaki, T., Tanaka, W., & Hirano, H.-Y.
Affiliations: The University of Tokyo (JP)
University of California San Diego (US)
Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
ORCID: Suzaki, Takuya
Tanaka, Wakana
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2009-11-24
Volume: 106
Issue: 47
Pages: 20103-20108
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0907896106
PMC: PMC2775035
OpenAlex: W2032677611
Semantic Scholar: 82ab49c65d5a71c52986815cb49faa36656b9119
Cited by: 194
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 6.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Japan Science Society
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (20061006, 20380005)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
Keywords: homeotic transformation, transcriptional regulation, Oryza grandiglumis, floral organ specification, rice
MeSH terms: Genes, Homeobox, Mutation, Phenotype, Phylogeny, Plant Proteins, Oryza, Genes, Plant, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Flowers

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The homeotic gene long sterile lemma ( G1 ) specifies sterile lemma identity in the rice spikelet

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