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Distribution of living Cupressaceae reflects the breakup of Pangea

Open access
Mao, Kangshan, Milne, Richard I., Zhang, Libing, Peng, Yanling, Liu, Jianquan, Thomas, Philip, Mill, Robert R., S. Renner, Susanne·2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Most extant genus-level radiations in gymnosperms are of Oligocene age or younger, reflecting widespread extinction during climate cooling at the Oligocene/Miocene boundary [∼23 million years ago (Ma)]. Recent biogeographic studies have revealed many instances of long-distance dispersal in gymnosperms as well as in angiosperms. Acting together, extinction and long-distance dispersal are likely to erase historical biogeographic signals. Notwithstanding this problem, we show that phylogenetic relationships in the gymnosperm family Cupressaceae (162 species, 32 genera) exhibit patterns expected from the Jurassic/Cretaceous breakup of Pangea. A phylogeny was generated for 122 representatives covering all genera, using up to 10,000 nucleotides of plastid, mitochondrial, and nuclear sequence per species. Relying on 16 fossil calibration points and three molecular dating methods, we show that Cupressaceae originated during the Triassic, when Pangea was intact. Vicariance between the two subfamilies, the Laurasian Cupressoideae and the Gondwanan Callitroideae, occurred around 153 Ma (124–183 Ma), when Gondwana and Laurasia were separating. Three further intercontinental disjunctions involving the Northern and Southern Hemisphere are coincidental with or immediately followed the breakup of Pangea.

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Metadata

Authors
Mao, K., Milne, R. I., Zhang, L., Peng, Y., Liu, J., Thomas, P., Mill, R. R., & S. Renner, S.
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2012-05
Volume
109
Issue
20
Pages
7793-7798
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W2112483819
Cited by
271
References
4
FWCI
24.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Distribution of living Cupressaceae reflects the breakup of Pangea. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.1114319109
The paper
Mao, K., Milne, R. I., Zhang, L., Peng, Y., Liu, J., Thomas, P., Mill, R. R., & S. Renner, S. (2012). Distribution of living Cupressaceae reflects the breakup of Pangea. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1114319109

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