Cited by 321Soil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsEcology and Vegetation Dynamics StudiesMycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions

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Plant diversity effects on soil food webs are stronger than those of elevated CO 2 and N deposition in a long-term grassland experiment

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Eisenhauer, Nico, Dobies, Tomasz, Cesarz, Simone, Hobbie, Sarah E., Meyer, Ross J., Worm, Kally, Reich, Peter B.·2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.1217382110PMC PMC3637779

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Abstract

Recent metaanalyses suggest biodiversity loss affects the functioning of ecosystems to a similar extent as other global environmental change agents. However, the abundance and functioning of soil organisms have been hypothesized to be much less responsive to such changes, particularly in plant diversity, than aboveground variables, although tests of this hypothesis are extremely rare. We examined the responses of soil food webs (soil microorganisms, nematodes, microarthropods) to 13-y manipulation of multiple environmental factors that are changing at global scales—specifically plant species richness, atmospheric CO 2 , and N deposition—in a grassland experiment in Minnesota. Plant diversity was a strong driver of the structure and functioning of soil food webs through several bottom-up (resource control) effects, whereas CO 2 and N only had modest effects. We found few interactions between plant diversity and CO 2 and N, likely because of weak interactive effects of those factors on resource availability (e.g., root biomass). Plant diversity effects likely were large because high plant diversity promoted the accumulation of soil organic matter in the site’s sandy, organic matter–poor soils. Plant diversity effects were not explained by the presence of certain plant functional groups. Our results underline the prime importance of plant diversity loss cascading to soil food webs (density and diversity of soil organisms) and functions. Because the present results suggest prevailing plant diversity effects and few interactions with other global change drivers, protecting plant diversity may be of high priority to maintain the biodiversity and functioning of soils in a changing world.

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Index
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Additional file 2 of Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaea
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Additional file 4 of Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaea
Tao, S., Veen, G. F., Zhang, N., Yu, T., & Qu, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644240
Additional file 14 of Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaea
Tao, S., Veen, G. F., Zhang, N., Yu, T., & Qu, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644270
Additional file 13 of Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaea
Tao, S., Veen, G. F., Zhang, N., Yu, T., & Qu, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644267
Additional file 2 of Effect of plant communities on bacterial and fungal communities in a Central European grassland
Lepinay, C., Větrovský, T., Chytrý, M., Dřevojan, P., Fajmon, K., Cajthaml, T., Kohout, P., & Baldrian, P. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26074273
Additional file 10 of Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaea
Tao, S., Veen, G. F., Zhang, N., Yu, T., & Qu, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644258
Additional file 12 of Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaea
Tao, S., Veen, G. F., Zhang, N., Yu, T., & Qu, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644264
Additional file 15 of Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaea
Tao, S., Veen, G. F., Zhang, N., Yu, T., & Qu, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644273
Additional file 7 of Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaea
Tao, S., Veen, G. F., Zhang, N., Yu, T., & Qu, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644249
Additional file 8 of Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaea
Tao, S., Veen, G. F., Zhang, N., Yu, T., & Qu, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644252
Additional file 6 of Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaea
Tao, S., Veen, G. F., Zhang, N., Yu, T., & Qu, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644246
Additional file 11 of Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaea
Tao, S., Veen, G. F., Zhang, N., Yu, T., & Qu, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644261
Additional file 3 of Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaea
Tao, S., Veen, G. F., Zhang, N., Yu, T., & Qu, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644237
Additional file 5 of Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaea
Tao, S., Veen, G. F., Zhang, N., Yu, T., & Qu, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644243
Additional file 9 of Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaea
Tao, S., Veen, G. F., Zhang, N., Yu, T., & Qu, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644255
Additional file 16 of Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaea
Tao, S., Veen, G. F., Zhang, N., Yu, T., & Qu, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26644276
Additional file 1 of Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaea
Tao, S., Veen, G. F., Zhang, N., Yu, T., & Qu, L. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24630265
Additional file 1 of Effect of plant communities on bacterial and fungal communities in a Central European grassland
Lepinay, C., Větrovský, T., Chytrý, M., Dřevojan, P., Fajmon, K., Cajthaml, T., Kohout, P., & Baldrian, P. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26074149
Changes in soil ecosystem structure and functions due to soil contamination
Morgado, R. G., Prodana, M., Loureiro, S., & González-Alcaraz, M. N. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33329-3.00002-7
Soil nitrogen loss reduces food web energy flow via nematode community simplification during wild fruit forest degradation in the Tianshan Mountains, China
Zhang, Y., Cui, D., Jiang, Z., Yang, H., Liu, Z., Liu, J., Liu, W., Wu, Y., Guo, J., Han, Y., et al. (2026) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106855

Authors: Eisenhauer, N., Dobies, T., Cesarz, S., Hobbie, S. E., Meyer, R. J., Worm, K., & Reich, P. B.
Affiliations: Friedrich Schiller University Jena (DE)
Poznań University of Life Sciences (PL)
University of Minnesota (US)
Departments of bForest Resources and
Western Sydney University (AU)
ORCID: Eisenhauer, Nico
Dobies, Tomasz
Cesarz, Simone
Hobbie, Sarah E.
Reich, Peter B.
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2013-04
Volume: 110
Issue: 17
Pages: 6889-6894
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1217382110
PMC: PMC3637779
OpenAlex: W2145489220
Cited by: 315
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 3
FWCI: 25.56
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation (0322057, 0620652, 0080382, 0716587, 9411972)
U.S. Department of Energy (FG0296ER62291, DE‐FG02‐, FC02-06ER64158)
Michigan Technological University
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Ei 862/1, 862/2, Ei 862/2)
Office of Science (DEFC0206ER64158)
Division of Environmental Biology (9411972, 0620652, 0322057, 0080382)
Biological and Environmental Research
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
Keywords: plant diversity, soil food webs, elevated CO2, nitrogen deposition, global change, bottom-up effects, soil microbes, nematodes, microarthropods, soil organic matter, root biomass, plant functional groups, biodiversity loss, grassland, long-term experiment
MeSH terms: Carbon Dioxide, Poaceae, Minnesota, Nitrogen, Soil, Linear Models, Biomass, Food Chain, Biodiversity, Climate Change

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Plant diversity effects on soil food webs are stronger than those of elevated CO 2 and N deposition in a long-term grassland experiment

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