The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Potent neutralization of botulinum neurotoxin by recombinant oligoclonal antibody
Open accessAbstract
The botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause the paralytic human disease botulism and are one of the highest-risk threat agents for bioterrorism. To generate a pharmaceutical to prevent or treat botulism, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated by phage display and evaluated for neutralization of BoNT serotype A (BoNT/A)in vivo. Although no single mAb significantly neutralized toxin, a combination of three mAbs (oligoclonal Ab) neutralized 450,000 50% lethal doses of BoNT/A, a potency 90 times greater than human hyperimmune globulin. The potency of oligoclonal Ab was primarily due to a large increase in functional Ab binding affinity. The results indicate that the potency of the polyclonal humoral immune response can be deconvoluted to a few mAbs binding nonoverlapping epitopes, providing a route to drugs for preventing and treating botulism and diseases caused by other pathogens and biologic threat agents.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Properties, production, and applications of camelid single-domain antibody fragments
Harmsen, M. M., & De Haard, H. J. (2007) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-007-1142-2 · Cited by 809
“The use of mixtures of a limited number of monoclonal antibodies (oligoclonal antibodies) is advantageous over single monoclonal antibodies for particular applications, such as toxin neutralization (Nowakowski et al. 2002).”
BackgroundAlternative molecular formats and therapeutic applications for bispecific antibodies
Spiess, C., Zhai, Q., & Carter, P. J. (2015) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2015.01.003 · Cited by 607
Human Botulism Immune Globulin for the Treatment of Infant Botulism
Arnon, S. S., Schechter, R., Maslanka, S. E., Jewell, N. P., & Hatheway, C. L. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa051926 · Cited by 498
Hudson, P. J., & Souriau, C. (2003) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0103-129 · Cited by 398
Avidity in antibody effector functions and biotherapeutic drug design
Oostindie, S. C., Lazar, G. A., Schuurman, J., & Parren, P. W. H. I. (2022) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-022-00501-8 · Cited by 298
Metadata
- Authors
- Nowakowski, A., Wang, C., Powers, D. B., Amersdorfer, P., Smith, T. J., Montgomery, V. A., Sheridan, R., Blake, R., Smith, L. A., & Marks, J. D.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2002-08-12
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 11346-11350
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2013757167
- Cited by
- 331
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 9.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Potent neutralization of botulinum neurotoxin by recombinant oligoclonal antibody. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.172229899
- The paper
- Nowakowski, A., Wang, C., Powers, D. B., Amersdorfer, P., Smith, T. J., Montgomery, V. A., Sheridan, R., Blake, R., Smith, L. A., & Marks, J. D. (2002). Potent neutralization of botulinum neurotoxin by recombinant oligoclonal antibody. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.172229899
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
