Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 868

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

ONCOGENES OF RNA TUMOR VIRUSES AS DETERMINANTS OF CANCER

Open access
Huebner, Robert J., Todaro, George J.·1969·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Evidence from sero-epidemiological studies and from cell culture studies supports the hypothesis that the cells of many, and perhaps all, vertebrates contain information for producing C-type RNA viruses. It is postulated that the viral information (the virogene), including that portion responsible for transforming a normal cell into a tumor cell (the oncogene), is most commonly transmitted from animal to progeny animal and from cell to progeny cell in a covert form. Carcinogens, irradiation, and the normal aging process all favor the partial or complete activation of these genes. An understanding of how normal cells and normal animals prevent expression of endogenous viral information would appear to offer one of the best hopes for the control of naturally occurring cancers.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.64.3.1087

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cited by

See all 868

Metadata

Authors
Huebner, R. J., & Todaro, G. J.
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
1969-11
Volume
64
Issue
3
Pages
1087-1094
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W1983060585
Cited by
868
References
1
FWCI
40.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: ONCOGENES OF RNA TUMOR VIRUSES AS DETERMINANTS OF CANCER. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.64.3.1087
The paper
Huebner, R. J., & Todaro, G. J. (1969). ONCOGENES OF RNA TUMOR VIRUSES AS DETERMINANTS OF CANCER. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.64.3.1087

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.