The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Tumor necrosis factor: a potent effector molecule for tumor cell killing by activated macrophages.
Open accessAbstract
Activated macrophages (aM phi) destroy more effectively cancer cells than normal cells. The mechanism by which macrophages destroy cancer cells is not known. We report here that tumor cells susceptible to aM phi were killed by recombinant (r) tumor necrosis factor type alpha (TNF-alpha), whereas variant tumor cells resistant to aM phi after selection in vitro or in vivo were resistant to killing by rTNF-alpha. The converse selection for rTNF-alpha-resistant variants resulted in cells that were also resistant to killing by aM phi. The sensitivity of macrophage-resistant variants was not changed to other tumoricidal cells or soluble mediators, except that the macrophage-resistant variants were also resistant to the effects of another cytotoxic protein, B-cell lymphotoxin, which is structurally related to rTNF-alpha. Similar results were obtained regardless of whether short-term or long-term cytotoxic effects of aM phi were measured. Finally, it was shown that killing of tumor cells by murine aM phi was completely inhibited with a polyclonal antibody that neutralizes the effects of murine TNF-alpha. These results suggest a major role for TNF-alpha in tumor cell destruction by aM phi in vitro and in vivo.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors
Carswell, E. A., Old, L. J., Kassel, R. L., Green, S., Fiore, N., & Williamson, B. (1975) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.72.9.3666 · Cited by 4,532
Cited by
Secretory products of macrophages.
Nathan, C. F. (1987) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci112815 · Cited by 2,615
Bingle, L., Brown, N. J., & Lewis, C. E. (2002) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.1027 · Cited by 2,022
Stuehr, D. J., & Nathan, C. F. (1989) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.169.5.1543 · Cited by 1,744
The role of myeloid cells in cancer therapies
Engblom, C., Pfirschke, C., & Pittet, M. J. (2016) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.54 · Cited by 788
Monoclonal antibody therapy of human cancer: Taking the HER2 protooncogene to the clinic
Shepard, H. M., Lewis, G. D., Sarup, J. C., Fendly, B. M., Maneval, D., Mordenti, J., Figari, I., Kotts, C. E., Palladino, M. A., Ullrich, A., et al. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1007/bf00918679 · Cited by 294
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Urban, J. L., Shepard, H. M., Rothstein, J. L., Sugarman, B. J., & Schreiber, H.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1986-07
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 5233-5237
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2003514161
- Cited by
- 358
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 12.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Tumor necrosis factor: a potent effector molecule for tumor cell killing by activated macrophages. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.83.14.5233
- The paper
- Urban, J. L., Shepard, H. M., Rothstein, J. L., Sugarman, B. J., & Schreiber, H. (1986). Tumor necrosis factor: a potent effector molecule for tumor cell killing by activated macrophages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.83.14.5233
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
