The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Localization of sodium channels in axon hillocks and initial segments of retinal ganglion cells.
Open accessAbstract
Affinity-purified antibodies against the sodium channel from rat brain were employed to localize sodium channels in the retina by immunocytochemical procedures. In rat retina, intense staining was observed in the ganglion cell axon layer and light staining was detected in fibers of the inner plexiform layer. In frog retina, only the ganglion cell axon layer was stained. Examination at higher magnification revealed that axon hillocks and initial segments of ganglion cells had a high density of immunoreactive sodium channels, whereas the cell bodies were devoid of stain. The sharply defined region of high sodium channel density at the axon hillock is likely to be responsible for the low threshold for action potential initiation in this region of vertebrate central neurons.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Llinás, R. R. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3059497 · Cited by 2,285
Influence of dendritic structure on firing pattern in model neocortical neurons
Mainen, Z. F., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/382363a0 · Cited by 1,231
Spectrin and Ankyrin-Based Pathways: Metazoan Inventions for Integrating Cells Into Tissues
Bennett, V., & Baines, A. J. (2001) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1353 · Cited by 930
Action potential initiation and backpropagation in neurons of the mammalian CNS
Stuart, G., Spruston, N., Sakmann, B., & Häusser, M. (1997) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(96)10075-8 · Cited by 768
Action potential generation requires a high sodium channel density in the axon initial segment
Kole, M. H. P., Ilschner, S. U., Kampa, B. M., Williams, S. R., Ruben, P. C., & Stuart, G. J. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2040 · Cited by 703
Metadata
- Authors
- Wollner, D. A., & Catterall, W. A.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1986-11
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 8424-8428
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2061130462
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 2.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Localization of sodium channels in axon hillocks and initial segments of retinal ganglion cells. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.83.21.8424
- The paper
- Wollner, D. A., & Catterall, W. A. (1986). Localization of sodium channels in axon hillocks and initial segments of retinal ganglion cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.83.21.8424
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
