The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Two steps in the evolution of Antennapedia-class vertebrate homeobox genes.
Open accessAbstract
Antennapedia-class vertebrate homeobox genes have been classified with regard to their chromosomal locations and nucleotide sequence similarities within the 183-base-pair homeobox domain. The results of these comparisons support the view that in mammals and most likely the vertebrates, four clusters of homeobox genes exist that were created by duplications of an entire primordial gene cluster. We present evidence that this primordial cluster arose by local gene duplications of homeoboxes that were present before the divergence of arthropods and chordates. Sequence analyses indicate that the expansion of the primordial gene cluster complex was accompanied by diversification, whereas conservation predominated after the duplications of entire homeobox gene clusters.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
The ParaHox gene cluster is an evolutionary sister of the Hox gene cluster
Brooke, N. M., Garcia-Fernàndez, J., & Holland, P. W. H. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/31933 · Cited by 468
PARALOGOUS HOX GENES: Function and Regulation
Maconochie, M., Nonchev, S., Morrison, A., & Krumlauf, R. (1996) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.30.1.529 · Cited by 220
Chapter 8 Hox Genes and Segmentation of the Vertebrate Hindbrain
Tümpel, S., Wiedemann, L. M., & Krumlauf, R. (2009) · Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/s0070-2153(09)88004-6 · Cited by 150
Metadata
- Authors
- Kappen, C., Schughart, K., & Ruddle, F. H.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1989-07
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 5459-5463
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2033583033
- Cited by
- 210
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 7.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Two steps in the evolution of Antennapedia-class vertebrate homeobox genes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.86.14.5459
- The paper
- Kappen, C., Schughart, K., & Ruddle, F. H. (1989). Two steps in the evolution of Antennapedia-class vertebrate homeobox genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.14.5459
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.