Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 540

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Isothermal, in vitro amplification of nucleic acids by a multienzyme reaction modeled after retroviral replication.

Open access
Guatelli, J C, Whitfield, K M, Kwoh, D Y, Barringer, K J, Richman, D D, Gingeras, T R·1990·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

A target nucleic acid sequence can be replicated (amplified) exponentially in vitro under isothermal conditions by using three enzymatic activities essential to retroviral replication: reverse transcriptase, RNase H, and a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. By mimicking the retroviral strategy of RNA replication by means of cDNA intermediates, this reaction accumulates cDNA and RNA copies of the original target. Product accumulation is exponential with respect to time, indicating that newly synthesized cDNAs and RNAs function as templates for a continuous series of transcription and reverse transcription reactions. Ten million-fold amplification occurs after a 1- to 2-hr incubation, with an initial rate of amplification of 10-fold every 2.5 min. This self-sustained sequence replication system is useful for the detection and nucleotide sequence analysis of rare RNAs and DNAs. The analogy to aspects of retroviral replication is discussed.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.87.5.1874

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 3 references

Cited by

See all 540

Metadata

Authors
Guatelli, J. C., Whitfield, K. M., Kwoh, D. Y., Barringer, K. J., Richman, D. D., & Gingeras, T. R.
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
1990-03
Volume
87
Issue
5
Pages
1874-1878
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W2062756489
Cited by
540
References
3
FWCI
8.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Isothermal, in vitro amplification of nucleic acids by a multienzyme reaction modeled after retroviral replication. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.87.5.1874
The paper
Guatelli, J. C., Whitfield, K. M., Kwoh, D. Y., Barringer, K. J., Richman, D. D., & Gingeras, T. R. (1990). Isothermal, in vitro amplification of nucleic acids by a multienzyme reaction modeled after retroviral replication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.5.1874

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.