Pervasive CpG suppression in animal mitochondrial genomes
Open accessAbstract
All available complete mitochondrial genomes (21 species) are evaluated for dinucleotide over- and under-representation. The CpG dinucleotide is pervasively under-represented in all animal mitochondria, but it is of variable relative abundance in fungal, protist, and plant mitochondrial genomes. Interpretations and hypotheses are considered relative to mitochondrial genome organization, methylation, structural specificities, directed mutation, and evolutionary events. In particular, our results support Mycoplasma capricolum or a close relative as the most likely bacterial ancestor of the mitochondria.
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Compared with other dinucleotides, the relative abundance of TpA and CpG deviates the most from the normal or expected distribution in a variety of organisms.
“Compared with other dinucleotides, the relative abundance of TpA and CpG deviates the most from the normal or expected distribution in a variety of organisms.”
From Codon Pair Bias Is a Direct Consequence of Dinucleotide Bias (2016) · cites this paper as Cardon et al., 1994
CpG dinucleotides are underrepresented only in the nuclear DNA of plants and vertebrates as well as in the mitochondrial genomes of all metazoan species, be they invertebrates or vertebrates.
“Although TpA dinucleotides are underrepresented in the genomes of almost all species, CpG dinucleotides are underrepresented only in the nuclear DNA of plants and vertebrates as well as in the mitochondrial genomes of all metazoan species, be they invertebrates or vertebrates (Cardon et al., 1994).”
From Codon Pair Bias Is a Direct Consequence of Dinucleotide Bias (2016) · cites this paper as Cardon et al., 1994
TpA dinucleotides are underrepresented in the genomes of almost all species.
“Although TpA dinucleotides are underrepresented in the genomes of almost all species, CpG dinucleotides are underrepresented only in the nuclear DNA of plants and vertebrates as well as in the mitochondrial genomes of all metazoan species, be they invertebrates or vertebrates (Cardon et al., 1994).”
From Codon Pair Bias Is a Direct Consequence of Dinucleotide Bias (2016) · cites this paper as Cardon et al., 1994
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References 21 · Cited by 238
- Authors
- Cardon, L. R., Burge, C., Clayton, D. A., & Karlin, S.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1994-04-26
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3799-3803
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC43669
- OpenAlex
- W2085166735
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fractal and DNA sequence analysis
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Keywords
- CpG, mitochondrial genome, dinucleotide composition, CpG suppression, mitochondrial DNA methylation, mitochondrial genome organization, Mycoplasma capricolum, mitochondrial origin, comparative genomics
- MeSH terms
- Base Composition, Base Sequence, Cell Nucleus, DNA, Fungal, DNA, Mitochondrial, Biological Evolution, Genes, Methylation, Molecular Sequence Data
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