The Histone Chaperone FACT: Structural Insights and Mechanisms for Nucleosome Reorganization
Open accessAbstract
Changes in chromatin architecture induced by epigenetic mechanisms are essential for normal cellular processes such as gene expression, DNA repair, and cellular division. Compact chromatin presents a barrier to these processes and is highly regulated by epigenetic markers binding to components of the nucleosome. Histone modifications directly influence chromatin dynamics and facilitate recruitment of additional factors such as chromatin remodelers and histone chaperones. One member of this last class of factors, FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription), is categorized as a histone chaperone critical for nucleosome reorganization during replication, transcription, and DNA repair. Significant discoveries regarding the role of histone chaperones and specifically FACT have come over the past dozen years from a number of independent laboratories. Here, we review the structural and biophysical basis for FACT-mediated nucleosome reorganization and discuss up-to-date models for FACT function.
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A key function of sequence-specific transcription factors is the recruitment of workhorse cofactors that facilitate enzymatic chromatin remodelling, histone modification and act as scaffolds for recruitment of additional factors.
“Mechanistically, a key function of sequence-specific TFs is the recruitment of “workhorse” cofactors that facilitate enzymatic chromatin remodelling, histone modification and act as scaffolds for recruitment of additional factors.”
From Transcriptional enhancers and their communication with gene promoters (2021) · cites this paper as [57]
The introduction and “FACT Function and Architecture” section describe FACT as a histone chaperone that reorganizes nucleosomes during transcription. The “Modifying” FACT Function section says histone modifications can recruit chromatin-altering machinery. The copy does not establish the claim’s central mechanism—that sequence-specific transcription factors recruit cofactors—or describe those cofactors as scaffolds for additional factors. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe most established role of FACT is in facilitating transcriptional elongation.
“The SWI/SNF complex is involved in regulating occupancy and spacing of nucleosomes at promoters and enhancers [58], while the most established role of FACT is in facilitating transcriptional elongation [57].”
From Transcriptional enhancers and their communication with gene promoters (2021) · cites this paper as [57]
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Histones: annotating chromatin
Campos, E. I., & Reinberg, D. (2009) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.032608.103928 · Cited by 852 · see citing works
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Stuwe, T., Hothorn, M., Lejeune, E., Rybin, V., Bortfeld, M., Scheffzek, K., and Ladurner, A. G. (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 8884 -8889
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Transcriptional enhancers and their communication with gene promoters
Ray-Jones, H., & Spivakov, M. (2021) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-021-03903-w · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The FACT Complex Promotes Avian Leukosis Virus DNA Integration
Winans, S., Larue, R. C., Abraham, C. M., Shkriabai, N., Skopp, A., Winkler, D., Kvaratskhelia, M., & Beemon, K. L. (2017) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00082-17 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Winkler, D. D., & Luger, K.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Luger, Karolin
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 286
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 18369-18374
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3099653
- OpenAlex
- W2064558750
- Cited by
- 206
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institutes of Health (1p01gm088409-01a1)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P01- GM088409, 1P01GM088409-01A1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
- Keywords
- facts, histone chaperone, chromatin structure, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, protein structure
- MeSH terms
- Animals, DNA Repair, DNA Replication, DNA-Binding Proteins, High Mobility Group Proteins, Histones, Humans, Models, Biological, Nucleosomes, Structure-Activity Relationship, Transcription, Genetic, Molecular Chaperones, Transcriptional Elongation Factors, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
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