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Processing Speed in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Inattentive Type
Abstract
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is among the most common and most often reconceptualized neurobehavioral disorders of childhood. In the most recent DSM-IV, a primarily inattentive subtype of ADHD (AD) has again been identified. This study explores the neuropsychological profile of this group of children. Eighty-two children referred for school-related problems participated. Twenty-five met criteria for AD; 52 met criteria for reading disability (RD); 9 were comorbid for RD and AD. AD children performed poorly on measures of information processing speed. Children with comorbid AD/RD were distinguishable from those with RD on speed of processing measures only. Vulnerability to information processing load may be at the root of many of the behavioral manifestations of AD.
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“Of note, inattention has been specifically associated with PS deficits when treated as a dimensional symptom, as well as reading deficits37–39.”
From Diagnostic Associations of Processing Speed in a Transdiagnostic, Pediatric Sample (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“This study points to inattention as having the driving role in the relationships between ADHD presentations and PS deficits, supporting previous research highlighting inattention30–32,34,37.”
From Diagnostic Associations of Processing Speed in a Transdiagnostic, Pediatric Sample (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
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Processing Speed Deficits in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Reading Disability
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“In fact, several studies have found that PS measures are among the best predictors of inattentive symptoms in ADHD (Chhabildas, Pennington, & Willcutt, 2001; Rucklidge & Tannock, 2002; Weiler, Holmes Bernstein, Bellinger, & Waber, 2000 ).”
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Atypical alpha asymmetry in adults with ADHD
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“Furthermore, it is important to note that previous studies have uncovered “naming” deficits in ADHD with or without comorbid RD, indicating that this form of impairment is not dependent on reading ability status (Brock & Christo, 2003; Nigg et al., 2002; Rucklidge & Tannock, 2002; Semrud-Clikeman et al., 2000; Stevens…”
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“In addition, processing speed entails the cognitive capacity to process information and engender a correct response within a given time [50].”
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“ADHD has been consistently associated with linguistic processing deficits, particularly with regard to naming speed (Brock et al., 2003; Nigg et al., 2002; Rucklidge et al., 2002; Semrud-Clikeman et al., 2000; Stevens et al., 2002; Tannock et al., 2000; Weiler et al., 2000; Willcutt et al., 2005).”
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Rethinking a Right Hemisphere Deficit in ADHD
Hale, T. S., Loo, S. K., Eran Zaidel, B., Hanada, G., Macion, J., & Smalley, S. L. (2008) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054708323005 · Cited by 58
“For instance, ADHD with or without comorbid reading disorders involves linguistic-processing speed deficits (Brock & Christo, 2003; Nigg et al., 2002; Rucklidge & Tannock, 2002; Semrud-Clikeman et al., 2000; Stevens et al., 2002; Tannock et al., 2000; Weiler et al., 2000; Willcutt et al., 2005), which implicates poor…”
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Arnett, A. B., Pennington, B. F., Willcutt, E. G., Dmitrieva, J., Byrne, B., Samuelsson, S., & Olson, R. K. (2012) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9644-5 · Cited by 61
Medications Do Not Necessarily Normalize Cognition in ADHD Patients
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Which Components of Processing Speed are Affected in ADHD Subtypes?
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“, 2007), and that those with ADHD-PI have worse performance on Symbol Search compared to controls (Weiler et al., 2000).”
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Rapid serial naming: Relations between different stimuli and neuropsychological factors
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“The present findings provide minimal support for the unidirectional hypothesis and are in agreement with other reports that ‘inattention’ without ‘hyperactivity’ are more frequently associated with learning problems than is ‘inattention’ with ‘hyperactivity’ (Martinussen & Tannock, 2006; Weiler et al., 2000; Weiss et…”
BackgroundResultOvercoming Learning Disabilities
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“Furthermore, the inattentive behaviour is associated more with RD than with hyperactivity (Weiler, Bernstein, Bellinger, & Waber, 2000; Willcutt & Pennington, 2000).”
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“Both subtest scores reflect accuracy and speed of performance in tests of visual information processing (Weiler et al. 2000).”
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“Furthermore, poor results on such tests have been related to both behavioural [3–5] and emotional disorders [6–8].”
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“Thirdly, inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity are considered separately in view of their partly distinct genetic etiologies, cognitive substrates, comorbidities and dissociable developmental trajectories (Kuntsi et al., 2014; Larsson et al., 2011; Weiler et al., 2000; Willcutt et al., 2007; Wood et al., 2009).”
BackgroundIntelligenz- und Aufmerksamkeitsleistungen von Jungen mit ADHS
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“Notably, however, though individuals with ADHD often exhibit slower processing speed compared with typically developing children (e.g., Weiler et al., 2000), researchers have not parceled out whether reading difficulties within this group can be attributed to rapid naming weaknesses beyond slower…”
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“This perspective is particularly relevant with regard to subjects with ADHD-C who are often found to perform better than subjects with ADHD-I, specifically on measures of psychomotor speed and attention (Collings & Kwasman, 2006 ; Hartman, Wilcutt, Rhee, & Pennington, 2004 ; Schmitz et al, 2002 ; Weiler, Bernstein, Be…”
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“…with ADHD show reduced performance (e.g. Jacobson et al., 2011), depends heavily upon attention and STM capacity, the processing speed deficit is considered by many as one (of the) core deficits of the disorder (Chhabildas et al., 2001; Weiler et al., 2000; Willcutt, Pennington, et al., 2005).”
BackgroundCortical activation and attentional control in ADAH subtypes
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“…purposes of the present study, a single dependent variable was selected for each task, based on prior analyses that indicated the variable that best discriminated children with and without LD (Waber et al., 2002; Waber, Weiler, Singer-Harris, et al., 2000; Waber et al., 2001; Weiler et al., 2000).”
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“Moreover, the Coding subtest is commonly used along with other measures, such as the Trail Making A + B tests to measure cognitive PS in past studies (Kibby et al., 2019; Shanahan et al., 2006; Weiler et al., 2000).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Weiler, M. D., Bernstein, J. H., Bellinger, D. C., & Waber, D. P.
- Affiliations
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- ORCID
- Waber, Deborah P.
- Venue
- Child Neuropsychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 218-234
- ISSN
- 0929-7049 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-4136
- OpenAlex
- W1973195442
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Child Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p50hd033803-05, 5p30hd018655-34)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50-HD33803, P30HD-18655)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, inattentive type ADHD, processing speed, reading disorders, comorbidities, information processing load, neuropsychological profile, school problems, children
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Dyslexia, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychometrics, Reaction Time
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