The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Design of Replicated Studies
Abstract
Replication is little discussed in the statistical literature nor practiced widely by statistically minded researchers. It is needed not merely to validate one's findings, but more importantly, to establish the increasing range of radically different conditions under which the findings hold, and the predictable exceptions. This article describes how to design highly differentiated replications. The irrelevance and/or impossibility of identical replications are also discussed. Practical illustrations of the success and failure of replicated studies are given.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Fisher, R. A. (1936) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.3923.554-a · Cited by 4,980
Budget use and managerial performance
Otley, D. T. (1978) · Journal of Accounting Research · doi:10.2307/2490414 · Cited by 623
A Proposal for a New Editorial Policy in the Social Sciences
Walster, G. W., & Cleary, T. A. (1970) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.1970.10478884 · Cited by 144
Cited by
Nosek (2012) · doi:10.1177/1745691612459058 · Cited by 1,301
Assessing the Generalizability of Prognostic Information
Justice, A. C., Covinsky, K. E., & Berlin, J. A. (1999) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00016 · Cited by 1,160
Shall we Really do it Again? The Powerful Concept of Replication is Neglected in the Social Sciences
Schmidt, S. (2009) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015108 · Cited by 1,125
Model uncertainty, data mining and statistical inference
Chatfield, C. (1995) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.2307/2983440 · Cited by 1,103
Null hypothesis significance testing: a review of an old and continuing controversy
Nickerson, R. S. (2000) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.5.2.241 · Cited by 1,090
Metadata
- Authors
- Lindsay, R. M., & Ehrenberg, A. S. C.
- Venue
- The American Statistician
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1993-08
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 217-228
- ISSN
- 0003-1305 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-2731
- OpenAlex
- W2018318609
- Cited by
- 490
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 14.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Design of Replicated Studies. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/00031305.1993.10475983
- The paper
- Lindsay, R. M., & Ehrenberg, A. S. C. (1993). The Design of Replicated Studies. The American Statistician. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1993.10475983
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
