The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 1 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The ASA Statement on p -Values: Context, Process, and Purpose
Open accessAbstract
Emeritus of Mathematics and Statistics at
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
24 Own interpretation · 2 No basis given · 1 No full text of the sources
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The widespread use of”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Statistical significance is not equivalent to scientific, human, or economic significance.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, a p-value near 0.05 taken by itself offers only weak evidence against the null hypothesis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By itself, a p-value does not provide a good measure of evidence regarding a model or hypothesis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, identical estimated effects will have different p-values if the precision of the estimates differs.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A p-value provides one approach to summarizing the incompatibility between a particular set of data and a proposed model for the data.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Conducting multiple analyses of the data and reporting only those with certain p-values (typically those passing a significance threshold) renders the reported p-values essentially uninterpretable.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whenever a researcher chooses what to present based on statistical results, valid interpretation of those results is severely compromised if the reader is not informed of the choice and its basis.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The smaller the p-value, the greater the statistical incompatibility of the data with the null hypothesis, if the underlying assumptions used to calculate the p-value hold.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Valid scientific conclusions based on p-values and related statistics cannot be drawn without at least knowing how many and which analyses were conducted, and how those analyses (including p-values) were selected for reporting.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 10
- It may state two separate claims as one. 10
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This has led to some scientific journals discouraging the use of p-values, and some scientists and statisticians recommending their abandonment, with some arguments essentially unchanged since p-values were first introduced.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The statistical community has been deeply concerned about issues of reproducibility and replicability of scientific conclusions.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the p-value can be a useful statistical measure, it is commonly misused and misinterpreted.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A conclusion does not immediately become”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All these measures and approaches rely on further assumptions, but they may more directly address the size of an effect (and its associated uncertainty) or whether the hypothesis is correct.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 4. Other Approaches
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The validity of scientific conclusions, including their reproducibility, depends on more than the statistical methods themselves.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is a statement about data in relation to a specified hypothetical explanation, and is not a statement about the explanation itself.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 2. P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Researchers should recognize that a p-value without context or other evidence provides limited information.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Likewise, a relatively large p-value does not imply evidence in favor of the null hypothesis; many other hypotheses may be equally or more consistent with the observed data.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This incompatibility can be interpreted as casting doubt on or providing evidence against the null hypothesis or the underlying assumptions.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. P-values can indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Appropriately chosen techniques, properly conducted analyses and correct interpretation of statistical results also play a key role in ensuring that conclusions are sound and that uncertainty surrounding them is represented properly.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 1. Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Misunderstanding or misuse of statistical inference is only one cause of the”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Peng 2015 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Smaller p-values do not necessarily imply the presence of larger or more important effects, and larger p-values do not imply a lack of importance or even lack of effect.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 3. Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a p-value passes a specific threshold.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 2. P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In view of the prevalent misuses of and misconceptions concerning p-values, some statisticians prefer to supplement or even replace p-values with other approaches.”
§ The ASA's Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose In > 4. Other Approaches
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There is widespread consensus in the statistical community on the principles articulated in the ASA statement.
“according to widespread consensus in the statistical community”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“While the large scale of the Tabula Muris Senis dataset provides substantial power to predict subtle changes in LR interactions, the biological complexity, dependencies among communication pairs, and multiple testing burden require that these p-values be interpreted within a broader biological and statistical context [33].”
From Quantitative profiling of lifespan-dependent cell-cell communication potential reveals dynamic ligand-receptor network shifts across mouse tissues (2026) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These types of incorrect descriptions contribute to confirmation bias, overinterpretation of results, and reporting correlation as implied causation (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
From Unethical Numbers? A Meta-analysis of Library Learning Analytics Studies (2019) · cites this paper as Wasserstein and Lazar 2016
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This is especially true of relatively large-sample-size studies (as most learning analytics studies are), which are likely to obtain statistically significant findings in relatively small variations in measures such as GPA (Field 2017; Salkind 2016 Wasserstein and Lazar 2016).”
From Unethical Numbers? A Meta-analysis of Library Learning Analytics Studies (2019) · cites this paper as Wasserstein and Lazar 2016
In the citing paper
“In 2016, the American Statistical Association released a statement on statistical significance and the P value with six principles underlying the proper use and interpretation of this statistical tool (77).”
From Misrepresentation and distortion of research in biomedical literature (2018) · cites this paper as [77]
In the citing paper
“Although we also present p values for exploratory analyses, we refrain from labeling any of them as statistically significant, following best-practice recommendations for statistical analysis [43].”
From Comparing quality of reporting between preprints and peer-reviewed articles in the biomedical literature (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Contrary to IJE author recommendations and recent guidance from the American Statistics Society, 16 Gao et al. largely base their conclusions on findings with a P -value equivalent to < 0.05 after multiple testing.”
From Commentary: Two-sample Mendelian randomization: opportunities and challenges (2016) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Following guidance,50 we focused on 95% CIs, rather than statistical significance. For example, unlike conventional interpretations, we did not outright interpret an effect estimate “non‐significant” if the lower or upper bound of the 95% CI was slightly above/below the null value; we interpreted them as “suggestive” of an effect.”
From Third‐wave cognitive behaviour therapies for weight management: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [50]
Citations
Cites
Simmons, J. P., Nelson, L. D., & Simonsohn, U. (2011) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611417632 · Cited by 6,567
(1947) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.1947.10501534 · Cited by 3,745
The Abuse of Power: The Pervasive Fallacy of Power Calculations for Data Analysis
Hoenig, J. M., & Heisey, D. M. (2001) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1198/000313001300339897 · Cited by 2,046
Statistics notes: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence
Altman, D. G., & Bland, J. M. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7003.485 · Cited by 1,946
Smithson, M. J. (2000) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446218525 · Cited by 1,871
Bayesian statistical inference for psychological research.
Edwards, W., Lindman, H., & Savage, L. J. (1963) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0044139 · Cited by 1,734
Scientific method: Statistical errors
Nuzzo, R. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/506150a · Cited by 1,536
Why Most Discovered True Associations Are Inflated
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2008) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e31818131e7 · Cited by 1,495
Sterne, J. A. C. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7280.226 · Cited by 1,466
Contradicted and Initially Stronger Effects in Highly Cited Clinical Research
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.2.218 · Cited by 1,465
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Leek, J. (2014), “On the Scalability of Statistical Procedures: Why the p-Value Bashers Just Don't Get It,” Simply Statistics Blog, Available at http://simplystatistics.org/2014/02/14/on-the-scalability-of-statistical-procedures-why-the-p-value-bashers-just-dont-get-it/.
- Gelman A. and Loken E. (2014) “The Statistical Crisis in Science [online] ” American Scientist 102. Available at http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/feature/2014/6/the-statistical-crisis-in-science · DOI · Paper page
- Greenland, S., and Poole, C. (2011), “Problems in Common Interpretations of Statistics in Scientific Articles, Expert Reports, and Testimony,” Jurimetrics, 51, 113–129.
- 10.1214/13-AOS1123 · DOI
- Lavine, M. (1999), “What is Bayesian Statistics and Why Everything Else is Wrong,” UMAP Journal, 20, 2.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 6,201–6,272 of 6,272
Vange, E. V. R., Amao, A. O., & Sølling, T. I. (2026) · Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology · doi:10.1007/s13202-026-02218-5
“The p-value indicates the probability of obtaining the observed results by chance, with values 0.05 typically considered statistically significant (Wasserstein and Lazar 2016 ).”
InfluentialKumari, N. (2026) · The Egyptian Journal of Neurosurgery : the official publication of the Egyptian Society of Neurological Surgeons/Egyptian journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.1186/s41984-026-00665-0
“Using exact statistical methods, effect estimates and reporting the confidence intervals, and giving more emphasis to descriptive rather than significance-based interpretation would provide a more robust and transparent analysis [4, 5].”
Closing the Empirical Loop: Autonomous AI Agents Conduct End‐to‐end Research With Human Participants
Wehr, G., Rideaux, R., Fox, A. J., Lightfoot, D. R., Tangen, J. M., Mattingley, J. B., & Ehrhardt, S. E. (2026) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.76675
“…routinely face interpretative challenges when evaluating statistical outputs, particularly given that sufficiently large sample sizes can yield statistical significance for trivially small effects [ 122, 123 ] where the meaningful magnitude of difference between data distributions is slight.”
Ferreira, M. V., Morris, N. M., Wade, Q. W., da Cunha, J. M., & Graziane, N. (2026) · Molecular Pain · doi:10.1177/17448069261491110
Accordini, D., Cagno, E., Hasan, A. S. M. M., et al. (2026) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.71513
Sur, R., Bartlett, R., Becker, B., Hueser, A., Kluxen, F. M., Laabs, V., Mehta, J. M., Melching‐Kollmuss, S., Sauer, U. G., Scorgie, E., et al. (2026) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-026-04530-9
Socioeconomic disparities in survival among follicular lymphoma patients
von Kroge, S., Bokemeyer, C., Knesebeck, O. V. D., et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-68993-7
“We did not apply adjustments for multiple testing nor report p-values, as all results represent associations observed at the population level rather than estimates derived from sampling variability 31 .”
Colomer, C. M. E., Newans, T., McKune, A. J., et al. (2026) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app16189178
Rodrigues, M., Odems, D. S., & Austin, A. E. (2026) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2026.101969
“To interpret results, we relied on the magnitude of the PRs and the location and width of the corresponding 95% CIs rather than solely relying on p-values (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016).”
Xia, J. (2026) · Educational Administration Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0013161x261486765
Produce Prescription Dose Response: A Randomized Community Trial
Kane, R. M., Perez-Velazco, X., Levi, R., Goldberg, A., Kuhn, M., Mehri, N., Seligman, H. K., & Berkowitz, S. A. (2026) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-026-10773-0
Dynamics of the probability of survival of cows in dairy herds in the United States
da Silva, L. H., Gong, Y., & Cabrera, V. E. (2026) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2026-28690
Lease a battery electric vehicle now or later? An empirical analysis
Moras, B. C. K., Humagain, P., & Gkritza, K. (2026) · Research in Transportation Economics · doi:10.1016/j.retrec.2026.101851
The role of research project participation on PhD students perceived skill enhancement
Yang, L., Wang, C., & Horta, H. (2026) · Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10734-026-01749-4
Zhao, W., Guo, Z., Zhou, Y., Tu, Y., Huang, C., & Huang, Q. (2026) · International Journal of STEM Education · doi:10.1186/s40594-026-00647-6
“They should also be considered in conjunction with effect sizes and the overall pattern of results (Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016).”
From Inference to Ritual: Why Frequentist Statistics Became Hard to Understand and Teach in Medicine
Lega, J., & Chevret, S. (2026) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/jep.70608
Forking-Peeks: When Optional Stopping Meets Analytic Multiplicity
Harada, Y. (2026) · The Quantitative Methods for Psychology · doi:10.20982/tqmp.22.2.p046
Hamid, N., & Rahman, M. R. (2026) · American Journal of Remote Sensing · doi:10.11648/j.ajrs.20261402.15
Sungkatavat, P., Boonhoh, W., Waran, N. K., & Wongtawan, T. (2026) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2026.107195
Estimation of Forest Fire Danger by Using Fire Weather Index in the CORDEX MENA RegionPreprint
CALDA, B., Collu, K., An, N., Turp, M. T., & Kurnaz, M. L. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10754082/v1
Getting Estimation Thinking into Educational Leadership: Challenges and Next Steps
Kline, R. B. (2026) · Educational Administration Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0013161x261487655
Teaching Thoughtful Statistical Inference: Stories for the World Beyond p < 0.05
Martin, P. (2026) · Teaching Statistics · doi:10.1002/test.70049
Koçak, Ş., Küçük, M. Ö., Susuz, E. B., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Social and Related Sciences · doi:10.22399/ijsores.20
Duojie, J., Devdas, S., Stieger, M., de Spindler, A., & Lu, G. (2026) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics15184241
A Novel Bayesian Distribution‐Free Survival Analysis
Chechile, R. A., & Barch, D. H. (2026) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.70736
“𝑝 -values -values, confidence intervals, and power, which have been widely misin-terpreted by users and even by textbook writers [ 28, 67 – 70].”
Bosch-Bayard, J. F., Guerrero-Sauzameda, J., Navarrete-Torres, L., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2026.1931028
“Indices not surviving FDR correction are reported for completeness but not interpreted; following current guidance, we avoid describing sub-threshold results as “trends” or as “approaching significance” (Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016; Amrhein et al., 2019).”
Gérat, P., & Campo, M. (2026) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2026.2716240
Garay, A. H., Inerarity, A. V., Rodríguez, R. L. P., Doncel, M. P. M., Quiroga, L., Molina, E. J. S., Vásquez, M. G., Sanchez, J., & Martinez, J. (2026) · World Journal of Public Health · doi:10.11648/j.wjph.20261103.24
Hypobaric and intermittent hypoxia in pediatric OSA: Associations with cardiac stress
Díaz-Granados, D. C. D. L. H., Duarte, H. G., Duenas-Meza, E. M., et al. (2026) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109281
Rasyak, M. R., Isnan, M., & Pardamean, B. (2026) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2026.08.249
Sakyi-Darko, M., Dapaah, J. M., & Awuku, E. T. (2026) · International Journal of Community Well-Being · doi:10.1007/s42413-026-00310-6
“In this study, the 5% alpha value as proposed by Wasserstein and Lazar (2016) is used in determining whether an attribute is significant or not.”
Li, K., Razavi, S., Maier, H. R., et al. (2026) · Journal of Hydrology X · doi:10.1016/j.hydroa.2026.100230
The role of singleton salience in second-order suppression
Sun, Y., Zhang, Q., Xu, Y., & Chen, S. (2026) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-026-03331-7
“…and Bayesian hypothesis testing was performed using the default prior of the statistical software JASP.14 (JASP Team, 2020) to assess the strength of the evidence in favor of the null hypothesis (H0) rather than the alternative hypothesis (H1) (Wagenmakers et al., 2018; Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016).”
Association Between Absorbent Product Use and Quality of Life in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Nakagawa, H., Yamazaki, H., Ozaka, A., Yamamoto, R., Sasaki, S., Hamaguchi, S., & Fukuhara, S. (2026) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.70853
Amin, S. A., Habeeb, L., & Sabbar, H. M. (2026) · Al-Noor Journal of Engineering Management and Computer Science · doi:10.71229/hxfrr504
Soussa, P., Kamper, S. J., Boulton, K., Montgomery, L. R. C., Kilgour, S., & Yamato, T. P. (2026) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106447
Walk Score® as a moderator of neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and psychological distress
Reid, R. A., Loh, V. H. Y., Vukic, M., Zhang, B., Bates, S., & Rachele, J. N. (2026) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2026.102449
Albert, M.-N., & Nassar, A. E. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10027334/v1
The Impact of the Prompt Language on Code Generation with LLMs: An Experimental Study
Meier, K., Koot, C., Fernandes, M., et al. (2026) · Progress in IS · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14099-9_46
Zhou, L., Ding, J., & Ning, H. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26196122
Park, H., Yoo, N., & Yang, J. (2026) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2026.3737981
“The reusable contribution is the separation of evidence, provenance, and licensed claims summarized in Table 7, consistent with cautions about proxy influence, conditional uncertainty, and binary interpretation of a single p value [8], [10], [28], [54].”
Miyasaka, Y., Saito, M., Nemoto, H., et al. (2026) · Radiological Physics and Technology · doi:10.1007/s12194-026-01140-z
Iranmanesh, A., & Kamalipour, H. (2026) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2026.108360
Gómez, A. A. R. (2026) · Mundo FESC · doi:10.61799/2216-0388.2338
Sato, T., & Tamagaki-Asahina, H. (2026) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.6c10487
Neuroimaging of intimate partner violence can underrepresent the most affected survivorsPreprint
McFarland, C. W., Kucyi, A. K., & Valera, E. M. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.09.23.753381
Wang, S. L., Ramadhani, S., Fikry, M., Budiman, H., Ng, T. F., Dzulkifly, S., & ARIFFIN, R. (2026) · Applied Computer Science · doi:10.35784/acs_9376
ŞENCAN, F., Paşa, Y., & Duran, S. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18199975
Dirt road density increased markedly since the 1970s in the Daurian grasslands
Kirilyuk, A., Anand, A., Kirilyuk, V. E., Silveira, E. M. O., Buuveibaatar, B., Nasanbat, B., & Radeloff, V. C. (2026) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2026.112127
Booth, J. S., Rapaka, R. R., McArthur, M. A., Fresnay, S., Darton, T. C., Guo, B., Waddington, C. S., Levine, M. M., Pollard, A. J., & Sztein, M. B. (2026) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2026.1924754
Zhang, R., Aila, M., Zhu, Q., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1900237
Araştırmalarda Aşırı Derecede Örneklem Büyüklüğünün Neden Olduğu Tip I Hata: Bir Vaka Analizi
Öztürk, İ., & Taşcı, K. (2026) · Dicle Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi · doi:10.55007/dufed.1810396
Topic landscapes and cross-period semantic connections in Computers & Education
Chen, X., Zou, D., Xie, H., & Qin, S. J. (2026) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105758 · Cited by 1
Robertson, M. M., Zhong, Y., Ghesquiere, A., Rojas, J., Addison, D., Wiewel, E. W., Braunstein, S., Dinan, K. A., Dudley, J., Siddiqui, M., et al. (2026) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-026-05310-3
Kiers, H., Smilde, A., & Bouwmeester, H. (2026) · Journal of Chemometrics · doi:10.1002/cem.70180
Classification of musculoskeletal pain severity in the Constances cohort: a latent class analysis
Morvan, G., Bodin, J., Fouquet, N., et al. (2026) · Annals of Work Exposures and Health · doi:10.1093/annweh/wxag084
Bryan, C. J., Tabares, J. V., Khazem, L. R., Baker, J. C., Brown, L. A., Taylor, D. J., Pruiksma, K. E., Acierno, R. E., & Rudd, M. D. (2026) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2026.105169
Combat Injury, Limb Loss, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Psychosocial Outcomes Among Military Personnel
Dyball, D. M., See, C. R. Z., Bennett, A. N., Schofield, S. J., Blissitt, G., Orton, L., Kemp, H. I., Boos, C. J., Bull, A. M. J., Sharp, D. J., et al. (2026) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.37592 · Cited by 1
Fukuda, T., Morohoshi, Y., Morioka, K., et al. (2026) · Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases · doi:10.1159/iid/adeag002
Laffi, A., Veronesi, V., Papa, R., et al. (2026) · Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1080/17476348.2026.2744440
Generative AI in the Global South: a PLS-SEM analysis of student perceptions and intentions
Dzidzornu, A. A. K., & Xu, X. (2026) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-026-14166-y
Foreword to the Special Issue on The Foundations of Applied Statistics
Kenett, R. S., & Steinberg, D. M. (2026) · Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry · doi:10.1002/asmb.70136
An Interactive Game-Based Approach to Teaching Regression
Samioğlu, M. (2026) · International Journal of Virtual and Personal Learning Environments · doi:10.4018/ijvple.424032
Tonghui, W., Boris, C. S. T., David, T., et al. (2026) · doi:10.63065/ajafe.2026.1.2.001
Freedman’s Paradox at Forty: A Practitioner’s Guide to Variable Selection Failures and Safeguards
Figueirinhas, D., & Vakulenko, Y. (2026) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.2026.2742880
Reproducibility in Biomedical Science — From Repetition to Corroboration
Fineberg, H. V. (2026) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmms2607020
Evaluation Integrity in Spatially Grouped Machine Learning: Lessons from Drillhole Grade EstimationPreprint
Maldeh, S. A., Mohammadzadeh, J., & Harifi, S. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7576916
Bayesian probabilistic statements for communicating clinical trial results
Efthimiou, O., Chalkou, K., Siontis, G. C., Fischer, U., Perneger, T., Salanti, G., & Gayet‐Ageron, A. (2026) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-026-05208-w
Park, J., Park, C., & Kim, M. S. (2026) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.157990
Beyond the p-Value: Has Statistical Reporting Evolved in Surgical Infections?
Kwasnik, M., Stephen, A. H., & Heffernan, D. S. (2026) · Surgical Infections · doi:10.1177/10962964261493845
Knight, A., Bauer, A., & Mace, J. L. (2026) · Frontiers in Animal Science · doi:10.3389/fanim.2026.1939965
Kumar, P., Merquiol, E., Avraham, T., et al. (2026) · Life Science Alliance · doi:10.26508/lsa.202603750
“However, we treat P -values as a context-dependent value and not as an arbitrary threshold (91, 92).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Wasserstein, R. L., & Lazar, N. A.
- Affiliations
- American Statistical Association, 732 North Washington Street, Alexandria, VA 22314-1943
- American Statistical Association (US)
- ORCID
- Lazar, Nicole A.
- Venue
- The American Statistician
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-04-02
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 129-133
- ISSN
- 0003-1305 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-2731
- OpenAlex
- W2293040502
- Semantic Scholar
- 81a65f23474ffceb2481836328608102950da979
- Cited by
- 6,306
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 625 · 2025: 629 · 2024: 575 · 2023: 543 · 2022: 642 · 2021: 676 · 2020: 678 · 2019: 666 · 2018: 596 · 2017: 438 · 2016: 226
- FWCI
- 649.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The American Statistician (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistics Education and Methodologies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Probability and Statistical Research
- Keywords
- p-values, statistical evidence, p-value interpretation, statistical inference, hypothesis testing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review