Cited by 168Categorization, perception, and languageColor perception and designColor Science and Applications

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The Meanings of Color

Wright, Benjamin, Rainwater, Lee·1962·The Journal of General Psychology

DOI 10.1080/00221309.1962.9711531

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Abstract

(1962). The Meanings of Color. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 67, No. 1, pp. 89-99.

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GenColor: Generative Color-Concept Association in Visual Design
Hou, Y., Zeng, X., Wang, Y., Yang, M., Chen, X., & Zeng, W. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713418 · Cited by 11
“Associating colors with concepts traditionally relies on human ratings, where participants are tasked with selecting colors that best match given concepts [52, 79], providing names for given colors [44], or assessing the strength of these associations [24, 65, 74].”
The Effect of E-Commerce Websites’ Colors on Customer Trust
Pelet, J., & Papadopoulou, P. (2012) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-1960-9.ch011 · Cited by 10
The relationship between colour harmony and colour emotions—using two‐colour combinations applied on 3D colour configuration
Lee, W., & Gong, S. (2022) · Coloration Technology · doi:10.1111/cote.12601 · Cited by 10
The effect of odor and color on chemical cooling
Pellegrino, R., & Luckett, C. R. (2019) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.03.002 · Cited by 9
Color Aesthetics and Context-Dependency
Shamoi, P., Inoue, A., & Kawanaka, H. (2022) · Joint International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (SCIS&ISIS) · doi:10.1109/scisisis55246.2022.10001872 · Cited by 9
“In [30] authors utilized factor analysis to examine 48 colorassociation measures and discovered six factors: happiness, showiness, forcefulness, warmth, elegance, and calmness.”
Method
A Colour Design Tool Based on Empirical Studies
Ou, L., Luo, M. R., & Cui, G. (2009) · SHURA (Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive) (Sheffield Hallam University) · Cited by 9
Investigating the personality associations evoked by single colors: An exploratory study
Wu, Z., & Lin, T. (2016) · Color Research & Application · doi:10.1002/col.22073 · Cited by 9
Red and risk preferences: The effects of culture and individual differences
Jiang, F., Zhang, R., & Lu, S. (2021) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.2233 · Cited by 9
The feasibility of establishing new color image scales using the magnitude estimation method
Kuo, W. (2007) · Color Research & Application · doi:10.1002/col.20360 · Cited by 8
Relationship between context‐free/in‐context spatial color preferences and color constructs: The extraversion personality trait dimension
Akbay, S., & Demirbaş, G. U. (2023) · Color Research & Application · doi:10.1002/col.22882 · Cited by 7
Key Color Generation for Affective Multimedia Production
Kim, E. A., & Suk, H. (2016) · ACM International Conference on Multimedia (ACM MM) · doi:10.1145/2964284.2964323 · Cited by 7
“Wright and Rainwater [41] suggested six connotative factors including happiness, showiness, forcefulness, warmth, elegance and calmness.”
Background
Gestaltung von Markenlogos
Langner, T., & Esch, F. (2019) · Springer Reference Wirtschaft · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-13342-9_30 · Cited by 7
Psychology in relation to design: An overview.
Kaye, S. M. (1975) · Canadian Psychological Review/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/h0081793 · Cited by 7

Authors: Wright, B., & Rainwater, L.
Affiliations: University of Chicago (US)
ORCID: Wright, Benjamin
Venue: The Journal of General Psychology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 1962-07
Volume: 67
Issue: 1
Pages: 89-99
ISSN: 0022-1309 (ISSN-L)
1940-0888
DOI: 10.1080/00221309.1962.9711531
OpenAlex: W2125208217
Cited by: 168
References: 19
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 2.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Journal of General Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Color perception and design
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Color Science and Applications
Keywords: color perception, meanings of colour, color symbolism, color psychology
MeSH terms: Color

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The Meanings of Color

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