Influencing Adolescent Leisure Motivation: Intervention Effects of Health Wise South Africa
Open accessAbstract
This study investigates changes in self-reported motivation for leisure due to participation in Health Wise, a high school curriculum aimed at decreasing risk behavior and promoting health behavior. Participants were 2,193 mixed race adolescents (M = 14 years old) from 9 schools (4 intervention, 5 control) near Cape Town, South Africa. Students in the Health Wise school with the greatest involvement in teacher training and implementation fidelity reported increased intrinsic and identified motivation and decreased introjected motivation and amotivation compared to students in control schools. These results point to the potential for intervention programming to influence leisure motivation among adolescents in South Africa and represent a first step toward identifying leisure motivation as a mediator of program effects.
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HW changed boredom and motivation, with the strongest effects at the school showing the highest implementation fidelity.
“HW was effective in changing levels of boredom and motivation, but the strongest effects were found for the school that had the highest degree of implementation fidelity (Caldwell et al. 2010).”
From Translational research in South Africa: evaluating implementation quality using a factorial design (2012) · cites this paper as Caldwell et al. 2010
Better implementation fidelity and quality are linked to stronger program outcomes.
“The central motivation for understanding factors that affect implementation fidelity and quality is that high levels of implementation fidelity and quality are associated with better outcomes.”
From Translational research in South Africa: evaluating implementation quality using a factorial design (2012) · cites this paper as Caldwell et al. 2010
Students who were more intrinsically motivated and less extrinsically motivated or amotivated were least likely to report past-month use of cigarettes, alcohol, or dagga.
“For example, students reporting higher levels of intrinsic motivation and lower levels of extrinsic motivation and amotivation had the lowest odds of past month cigarette, alcohol, and dagga (marijuana) use (Caldwell et al. 2010).”
From Translational research in South Africa: evaluating implementation quality using a factorial design (2012) · cites this paper as Caldwell et al. 2010
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References 50 · Cited by 39
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- Baldwin CK Caldwell LL Development of the Free Time Motivation Scale for Adolescents Journal of Leisure Research 2003 35 129 151
- Caldwell LL Baldwin CK Walls T Smith E Preliminary effects of a leisure education program to promote healthy use of free time among middle school adolescents Journal of Leisure Research 2004 36 310 355
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- Vallerand RJ Zanna MP Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and physical activity: A review and critique Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 1997 Vol. 29 New York Academic Press 271 360
- Walker GJ Deng J Dieser R Culture, self-construal, and leisure theory and practice Journal of Leisure Research 2005 37 77 99
- Waterman AS Finding someone to be: Studies on the role of intrinsic motivation in identity formation Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research 2004 4 209 228
- Wegner L Flisher AJ Muller M Lombard C Leisure boredom and substance use among high school students in South Africa Journal of Leisure Research 2006 38 2 249 266
- Younker AS Caldwell LL Coffman DL Smith EA Factorial invariance of the Free Time Motivation Scale for Adolescents 2008 Paper presented at the Leisure Research Symposium 16 October, 2008 Baltimore, MD
- Authors
- Caldwell, L. L., Patrick, M. E., Smith, E. A., Palen, L.-A., & Wegner, L.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- RTI International (US)
- University of the Western Cape (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Caldwell, Linda L.
- Venue
- Journal of Leisure Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-06
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 203-220
- ISSN
- 0022-2216 (ISSN-L)
- 2159-6417
- PMC
- PMC4241774
- OpenAlex
- W45644205
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Leisure Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA017491, T32DA017629)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Youth Development and Social Support
- Keywords
- school-based health interventions, intrinsic motivation, identified motivation, introjected motivation, amotivation, risk behavior prevention, health behavior promotion, implementation fidelity, teacher professional development, high school students, South Africa
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