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Creativity and Entrepreneurship: A Regional Analysis of New Firm Formation
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Lee S. Y., Florida R. and Acs Z. J. (2004) Creativity and entrepreneurship: a regional analysis of new firm formation, Regional Studies38, 879-891. Understanding the factors that promote or mitigate new firm birth is crucial to regional economic development efforts, since a high level of new firm creation significantly contributes to regional economic vitality and is a major signal of a dynamic economy. The literature suggests that various factors such as unemployment, population density/ growth, industrial structure, human capital, the availability of financing and entrepreneurial characteristics significantly influence regional variation in new firm birth rates. This study explores whether connections exist among regional social characteristics, human capital and new firm formation. It argues that social diversity and creativity have a positive relationship with new firm formation. Building on the contributions of urbanist Jane Jacobs, Lee, Florida and Gates (2002) showed that social diversity and human capital have positive and significant relationships with regional innovation production measured by per capita patent production. While it is well known that regional human capital stock positively affects new firm formation rates, little attention has been paid to the interaction among social diversity, human capital and entrepreneurship. It is argued that low barriers of entry into the regional labour market (as exhibited in part by the presence of a diverse population) and diverse culture facilitate the influx of a particular kind of human capital that promotes innovation and accelerates information flow, leading to the higher rate of new firm formation. The empirical results support the main hypothesis. By using Longitudinal Establishment and Enterprise Microdata (LEEM), the hypothesis is tested at the Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) level as well as at the Labor Market Areas (LMAs) level. New firm formation is strongly associated with cultural creativity when controlled for the variables suggested in the literature. Firm formation is positively and significantly associated with the Diversity Index but insignificantly with the Melting Pot Index. The results suggest that one needs to pay attention to the social habitat of a region to boost a regional entrepreneurial dynamics. Lee S. Y., Florida R. et Acs Z. J. (2004) La créativité et l'esprit d'entreprise: une analyse régionale de la création d'entreprise, Regional Studies38, 879-891. Comprendre les facteurs favorables ou défavorables à la création d'entreprise joue un rôle capital dans le développement économique régional, parce qu'un taux de création élevé contribue de façon très significative à la vitalité économique régionale et constitue un clignotant majeur d'une économie dynamique. La documentation laisse supposer que divers facteurs, tels le chômage, la densité/la croissance de la population, la structure industrielle, le capital humain, la disponibilité du financement, et les caractéristiques de l'esprit d'entreprise influencent sensiblement la variation régionale des taux de création d'entreprise. Cette étude cherche à examiner si, oui ou non, on peut établir une corrélation entre des caractéristiques sociales régionales, le capital humain, et la création d'entreprise. On soutient que la diversité sociale et la créativité sont en corrélation étroite et significative avec la création d'entreprise. Le développement des contributions de l'urbaniste Jane Jacobs, Lee, Florida et Gates (2002) a démontré que la diversité sociale et le capital humain sont en corrélation étroite et significative avec l'innovation régionale, mesurée en termes du nombre de brevets détenus par tête. Alors qu'il est reçu que le stock du capital humain influence de façon positive les taux de création d'entreprise, on prête peu d'attention à l'interaction entre la diversité sociale, le capital humain, et l'esprit d'entreprise. On soutient que les barrières à l'insertion sur le marché du travail régional peu élevées (ce qui laisse supposer jusqu'à un certain point la présence d'une population diverse) et une culture diverse facilitent l'afflux d'un capital humain particulièrement propice à l'innovation et qui accélère le flux d'information, ce qui amène à un taux de création d'entreprise plus élevé. Les résulats empiriques viennent à l'appui de l'hypothèse principal avancé. A partir des données longitudinales et microéconomiques sur les entreprises (Longitudinal Establishment and Enterprise Microdata - LEEM), on cherche à tester l'hypothèse sur le plan métropolitain (Metropolitan Statistical Areas - MSAs) ainsi qu'au niveau des marchés du travail locaux (Labour Market Areas - LMAs). Il s'avère que la création d'entreprise est en corrélation étroite avec la créativité culturelle, une fois contrôlée pour les variables proposées dans la documentation. La création d'entreprise est en corrélation étroite et significative avec l'indice Diversité mais en corrélation faible ave
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, S. Y., Florida, R., & Acs, Z.
- Venue
- Regional Studies
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 879-891
- ISSN
- 0034-3404 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0591
- OpenAlex
- W2124413407
- Cited by
- 886
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 34.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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