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Proximity and Localization

Torre, Andre, Rallet, Alain·2005·Regional Studies

Abstract

Torre A. and Rallet A. (2005) Proximity and localization, Regional Studies39, 47- 59. The objective of this paper is to pave the way for an analysis of the relations between proximity and localization of activities and people, two notions that are often mistaken for one another. Our method consists in exploiting the semantic wealth of the notion of proximity. We distinguish two types of proximity (geographical and organized) and propose a grid of analysis of the main models of geographic organization of activities by articulating both types of proximity. We then introduce the phenomenon of tension between geographical and organized proximity in order to discuss problems that are often underestimated in spatial economy. First, organized proximity offers powerful mechanisms of long-distance coordination that constitute the foundation of the increasing geographical development of socio-economic interactions. The confusion between information interactions and knowledge exchange, and the constraint of being located in proximity neglects the fact that the collective rules and representations do manage, and at a distance, an increasing part of these interactions. It is then shown that there is a disjunction between the need for geographical proximity and co-localization of actors by introducing professional mobility and temporary geographical proximity. We also emphasize the ability of big organizations to manage the presence in different areas of their units, whereas smaller ones are more constrained by fixed co-localizations, which are only needed for certain phases of their interactions. Finally, we raise the often neglected question of the negative effects of geographical proximity, which creates tensions between the actors who use limited support-goods and tends to damage the local relational network. However, these negative effects can be limited by integrating them within organizations or institutions, that is through a re-composed organized proximity enabling one to solve conflicts and launch processes of cooperation or negotiation within ad- hoc mechanisms. Torre A. et Rallet A. (2005) Proximité et localisation, Regional Studies39, 47-59. Cet article cherche à ouvrir la voie à une anlyase des rapports entre la proximité et la localisation des activités et de la population, deux notions qui sont souvent confondues. L'approche consiste à exploiter la richesse sémantique de la notion de proximité. Dans un premier temps, on distingue deux types de proximité (géographique et organisée) et propose une grille qui permet une analyse des principaux modèles de l'organisation géographique des activités en articulant les deux types de proximité. Dans un deuxième temps on introduit le phénomène de la tension entre la proximité ou géographique, ou organisée, afin de discuter des problèmes qui sont souvent sousestimés dans l'économie géographique. En premier, la proximité organisée fournit de puissants mécanismes de coordination à longue distance qui constituent la base du développement géographique croissant des interactions socioéconomiques. La confusion entre l'interaction d'information et l'échange de connaissance, et la contrainte d'être situé à proximité ne fait aucune attention au fait que les réglementations et les représentations collectives gèrent, à distance, une proportion croissante de ces interactions. On démontre une disjonction entre le besoin de la proximité géographique et la localisation à proximité des agents, en introduisant la mobilité professionnelle et la proximité géographique temporaire. Il faut souligner aussi la capacité des grands établissements à gérer la présence de leurs unités sur des zones différentes, alors que de plus petits établissements se voient contraindre par des emplacements à proximité fixes dont ils n'ont besoin qu' à certaines étapes de leurs interactions. Pour finir, on remet en question les effets négatifs de la proximité géographique, souvent négligés, ce qui crée des tensions entre les agents qui emploient de façon limitée les services d'assistance technique, et a tendance à entraver le réseau relationnel local. Cependant, on peut minimiser ces effets négatifs-là tout en les insérant dans les organisations ou les institutions, par moyen d'une proximité organisée recomposée, ce qui permet la résolution des conflits et le lancement des processus de coopération ou de négociation à partir des mécanismes improvisés. Torre A. und Rallet A. (2005) Nähe und örtliche Begrenzung, Regional Studies39, 47-59. Dieser Aufsatz setzt sich zum Ziel, den Weg zu einerAnalyse der Beziehungen zwischen Nähe und örtlicher Begrenzung von Betätigungen und Menschen zu ebnen, als zwei Begriffen, die oft verwechselt werden. Die Methode stützt sich auf die Ausnutzung der vielfältigen semantischen Bedeutung des Begriffes 'Nähe'. 1. Es werden zwei Arten von Nähe unterschieden: geographische und organisatorische, und ein Analysennetz der Hauptmodelle geographischer Einteilung von Betätigungen durch klar

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Metadata

Authors
Torre, A., & Rallet, A.
Venue
Regional Studies
Published
2005-02
Volume
39
Issue
1
Pages
47-59
ISSN
  • 0034-3404 (ISSN-L)
  • 1360-0591
OpenAlex
W2081737557
Cited by
1,461
References
0
FWCI
79.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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Torre, A., & Rallet, A. (2005). Proximity and Localization. Regional Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340052000320842

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